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INDOXXI
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1
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(silence)

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(gentle hopeful melody)

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- [Voiceover] We inherited an
astonishingly beautiful home

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and with it, we've accomplished
extraordinary things.

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(ominous melody)

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But we are changing
the Earth's climate

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by releasing carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases

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into the atmosphere.

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Over the last several decades,

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we have raised the Earth's
average temperature

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by .7 degrees Celsius.

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This seemingly small
change is already causing

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heat waves, droughts, wildfires,

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and storms that have killed
tens of thousands of people

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and caused hundreds of
billions of dollars in damage.

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- We see things that
the climate scientists

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of 20 years ago were not
predicting would occur so soon.

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We're not looking at
one or two bad events

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or one or two bad years,

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we're now looking at
three and four decades.

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Very small changes
make huge differences

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in what it's like to live
in places on the Earth.

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- [Voiceover] Over a
billion people in China,

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India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

25
00:02:55,309 --> 00:02:59,480
depend on the Himalayan
glaciers for water,

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but global warming
is endangering them

27
00:03:02,416 --> 00:03:05,753
and all the Earth's
freshwater supplies.

28
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Coral reefs support the
richest concentration

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of life on Earth,

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but greenhouse gases make our
oceans warmer and more acidic.

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If this continues,

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the coral and much of the
ocean's life will vanish.

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We also face rising sea levels

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caused by the melting of
Greenland's ice sheet.

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- If we look at the last
period that was warmer

36
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than the present one,
about 130,00 years ago,

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sea level then was at least six
meters higher than it is now

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and that was only about
one degree Celsius warmer

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than it is today.

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- [Voiceover] Global sea
levels have already risen

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by eight inches

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and if Greenland's ice
sheet melts completely,

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sea levels will rise 23 feet.

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- I don't think most
citizen's in the world

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have really grasped
what is happening

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and what these risks are.

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Many of our major cities

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will be submerged.

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(gentle melody)

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- Over 600 million people's
homes will be destroyed

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if the world's
coastlines are flooded

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and if we continue
with business as usual,

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warming the planet further,

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by the middle of this century,

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we could trigger
runaway climate change,

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a process beyond human control.

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- What do you do if you
have that information?

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What do you do?

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- Over the next
six to ten years,

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we have an urgent responsibility

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to decide how this world is
going to be in the future.

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- [Voiceover] But
the climate crisis

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is also a huge opportunity.

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We already possess technologies

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that can stop climate change

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and adopting them will greatly
improve our environment,

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our economies, our
health, and our security.

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- The future has turned
into the present.

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We can create a society that
is powered by clean energy.

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The benefits will be enormous.

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Once we get off fossil
fuels, we're not going back.

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- [Voiceover] But we are
in a race against time,

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and some of the
world's wealthiest and
most powerful people

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are opposing the progress.

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- There are a lot
of adversaries.

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There are people who say

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there's no such thing
as climate change,

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there are producers
of carbon who say

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this is where the world is.

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- The fear factor that
people wanna throw out there

81
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and just say, "We just
have to stop this,"

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I do not accept.

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- If you fast-forward
50 years from now,

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our kids are looking at the
problem that we leave them,

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they're gonna go, "Okay, so
let me get this straight.

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"You had the technology
to solve the problem

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"and you decided
it's too big a task.

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"How dumb could you be?"

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- It's too late to
be a pessimist, not
as simple as that.

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This is a moment that
we don't want to fail,

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we don't want to fail humanity.

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- It's the battle
for defend nature,

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for defend the defenseless
and the voiceless.

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It is a battle to prevent
powerful people from

95
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despoiling the environment.

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- A old saying goes necessity
is the mother of invention,

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we got the mother of all
necessities before us.

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- [Voiceover] This is
a gigantic, scientific,
technological,

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and moral challenge.

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There's a great struggle
for the future of the world.

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(foreboding sound)

102
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(somber melody)

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- Boone County, in its day

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and when I was younger,

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it was just breathtaking.

106
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As a kid growing up here,

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you roam these mountains,
that's what you do.

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All my life it's been
such a beautiful,

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wonderful, peaceful place.

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So, when the mountain
started exploding,

111
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of course I was outraged.

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- I heard blasting

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and it was off in the distance.

114
00:10:13,113 --> 00:10:15,949
And I came upon it
and I was stunned.

115
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I had heard of
mountaintop removal,

116
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but had no clue what it was.

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I went up the mountain

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and saw what was
happening above my home.

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And I took a flyover

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on a small plane

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and it changed my life.

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- [Voiceover] They
take a mountaintop,

123
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deforest the top of the
mountain, clearcut it.

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- They remove all
of the vegetation,

125
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they bring in ammonium
nitrate and diesel fuel

126
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and then they detonate that

127
00:11:01,361 --> 00:11:02,538
and boom, there
goes the mountain.

128
00:11:02,562 --> 00:11:04,998
(explosions)

129
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- Material that's being spewed
into the air from blasting,

130
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it's rock not dirt,

131
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and so that's something
that contains arsenic

132
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or other different metals

133
00:11:29,289 --> 00:11:32,726
and stuff that you
don't want to breathe.

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00:11:41,835 --> 00:11:43,203
- [Voiceover] And
you also get coal

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that's pulverized in
fine particulates,

136
00:11:45,172 --> 00:11:47,975
and that is raw coal which
is containing arsenic

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and lead and mercury, and a
whole variety of elements.

138
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- The dust is horrible.

139
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I had two children
that had asthma

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and I started complaining
because we needed to breathe.

141
00:12:01,088 --> 00:12:03,456
- When you compare before
mountaintop removal mining

142
00:12:03,490 --> 00:12:05,793
to after mountaintop
removal mining,

143
00:12:05,826 --> 00:12:08,228
there is a very
substantial increase

144
00:12:08,261 --> 00:12:11,198
in lung and bronchus cancer.

145
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- They'll send in heavy
machinery clear away that coal

146
00:12:15,368 --> 00:12:17,838
and then everything that's
left, all the coal mining waste,

147
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gets swept off the
top of the mountain

148
00:12:20,373 --> 00:12:22,075
into the neighboring valley,

149
00:12:22,109 --> 00:12:23,887
so where there was once
a mountain and valley,

150
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you just have flat
lunar landscape.

151
00:12:30,017 --> 00:12:32,853
- [Voiceover] In the state
of West Virginia alone,

152
00:12:32,886 --> 00:12:34,988
there's nearly a million acres

153
00:12:35,022 --> 00:12:38,091
of mountaintop
removal coal mining,

154
00:12:38,125 --> 00:12:41,528
more that five hundred
mountains in Appalachia

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that's been leveled.

156
00:12:46,834 --> 00:12:48,735
- [Voiceover]
They're taking rocks

157
00:12:48,768 --> 00:12:51,004
that should be inside a mountain

158
00:12:51,038 --> 00:12:54,107
with very heavy metals,
things like arsenic,

159
00:12:54,141 --> 00:12:56,109
and putting that into the valley

160
00:12:56,143 --> 00:12:59,212
which is the source
of the watershed.

161
00:13:04,251 --> 00:13:05,953
Communities that are
living downstream

162
00:13:05,986 --> 00:13:10,958
have heavy toxins going
into their water supplies.

163
00:13:10,991 --> 00:13:15,162
It has huge human health
impacts and consequences.

164
00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:20,300
- The Clean Water Act, it
previously said you can't

165
00:13:20,333 --> 00:13:24,504
dump waste in the waters of
the United States of America.

166
00:13:27,307 --> 00:13:30,443
Department of
Interior edited it,

167
00:13:30,477 --> 00:13:34,647
you can't dump waste, but
you can dump fill material.

168
00:13:36,183 --> 00:13:38,651
And then they reclassified
mountaintop removal waste

169
00:13:38,685 --> 00:13:40,087
as fill material.

170
00:13:44,391 --> 00:13:45,734
The coal is shot down
a conveyor system

171
00:13:45,758 --> 00:13:48,695
and go to a processing plant,

172
00:13:48,728 --> 00:13:50,063
it gets crushed.

173
00:13:51,664 --> 00:13:54,667
And it goes through
a diesel bath.

174
00:13:54,701 --> 00:13:56,836
It goes through a
chemical cleaning process,

175
00:13:56,870 --> 00:14:00,040
removing arsenic, mercury, lead.

176
00:14:00,073 --> 00:14:02,142
- The cleaner the coal gets,

177
00:14:02,175 --> 00:14:06,980
the more of the really nasty
stuff that gets left here.

178
00:14:07,014 --> 00:14:11,851
Everything gets pumped back up
into coal slurry impoundments

179
00:14:11,885 --> 00:14:15,822
is what they call 'em,
we call 'em sludge dams.

180
00:14:18,758 --> 00:14:20,393
It's real thick

181
00:14:20,427 --> 00:14:21,427
like mud.

182
00:14:27,667 --> 00:14:30,837
- [Voiceover] Every
one of them leaks.

183
00:14:33,506 --> 00:14:36,143
- We would play in
the stream as kids,

184
00:14:36,176 --> 00:14:39,346
we would gather water
from the stream.

185
00:14:41,414 --> 00:14:44,184
This is now a
pollution spillway.

186
00:14:47,120 --> 00:14:48,755
- Everyone thought
the water was safe,

187
00:14:48,788 --> 00:14:50,633
you know, that's well water,
it'll have a little color,

188
00:14:50,657 --> 00:14:54,127
a little odor, but you
know, will not harm you.

189
00:14:54,161 --> 00:14:55,662
My brother, he was

190
00:14:56,863 --> 00:14:59,232
probably 28 years
old at the time

191
00:14:59,266 --> 00:15:01,268
and he had noticed a knot

192
00:15:02,669 --> 00:15:06,606
starting to appear on his
forehead, it was on this side.

193
00:15:07,774 --> 00:15:10,477
It was very
aggressive in growth.

194
00:15:10,510 --> 00:15:14,614
October 6, 2006 was a
Friday, he worked all week,

195
00:15:16,183 --> 00:15:19,552
the next day, mom woke up and
the alarm was still going off,

196
00:15:19,586 --> 00:15:21,754
and he just never woke up.

197
00:15:26,193 --> 00:15:27,594
And we go to the church

198
00:15:27,627 --> 00:15:29,662
and we start talking,

199
00:15:29,696 --> 00:15:31,931
and at that moment in time,

200
00:15:33,066 --> 00:15:35,735
I realized there was
actually six neighbors,

201
00:15:35,768 --> 00:15:39,939
who had brain tumors, that
live in about a 10 house span.

202
00:15:44,244 --> 00:15:45,612
There was a little girl

203
00:15:45,645 --> 00:15:48,815
that was one of my brother's
friend's daughters.

204
00:15:48,848 --> 00:15:53,020
She was a toddler when they
had found her brain tumor.

205
00:15:55,255 --> 00:15:56,923
And she passed away.

206
00:16:03,196 --> 00:16:05,832
The same contaminants that
were in the sludge ponds

207
00:16:05,865 --> 00:16:08,601
was what they
found in our water.

208
00:16:09,502 --> 00:16:12,005
Barium, nickel, arsenic, lead.

209
00:16:15,175 --> 00:16:16,776
I apologize, I can't
remember all the

210
00:16:16,809 --> 00:16:17,610
- [Voiceover] That's all right.

211
00:16:17,644 --> 00:16:19,579
- All of the chemicals.

212
00:16:34,761 --> 00:16:37,464
- This is the
headwaters of the water

213
00:16:37,497 --> 00:16:40,100
throughout the
eastern United States.

214
00:16:40,133 --> 00:16:42,102
This is everybody's
drinking water,

215
00:16:42,135 --> 00:16:44,804
this isn't just my surface
water and drinking water,

216
00:16:44,837 --> 00:16:46,506
this is everybody's.

217
00:16:53,180 --> 00:16:57,317
- They just really didn't
like what was coming out

218
00:16:57,350 --> 00:16:58,351
of the work.

219
00:17:00,019 --> 00:17:03,156
So, they directed
us to stop doing it.

220
00:17:04,324 --> 00:17:06,593
We were told, "Well, you
can pick your battles

221
00:17:06,626 --> 00:17:10,297
"and this is not a
battle you're gonna win."

222
00:17:12,599 --> 00:17:15,602
- [Voiceover] The destruction
and pollution caused by coal

223
00:17:15,635 --> 00:17:19,806
guarantee that no other industry
will locate in the region,

224
00:17:21,241 --> 00:17:25,011
making the people here
a captive labor force.

225
00:17:26,379 --> 00:17:30,049
As a result, the coal mining
counties of Appalachia

226
00:17:30,083 --> 00:17:33,686
are the poorest areas
in the United States.

227
00:17:35,122 --> 00:17:37,100
- Our first instinct is,
"We've gotta get the kids,

228
00:17:37,124 --> 00:17:39,326
"we gotta get them outta here,"

229
00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:43,530
but who's gonna buy a house
with contaminated water?

230
00:17:45,998 --> 00:17:48,635
- Coal contributes to
four out of the five

231
00:17:48,668 --> 00:17:52,705
leading causes of death
in the United States.

232
00:17:52,739 --> 00:17:54,241
Just the soot,

233
00:17:54,274 --> 00:17:56,743
that particulate matter
coming from coal plants,

234
00:17:56,776 --> 00:18:00,413
kills more than 10,000
Americans every year.

235
00:18:12,559 --> 00:18:15,562
(futuristic melody)

236
00:18:19,532 --> 00:18:23,703
- [Voiceover] At night, modern
Shanghai is spectacular,

237
00:18:28,074 --> 00:18:31,043
but every morning
hundreds of barges

238
00:18:31,077 --> 00:18:35,248
sail past the skyscrapers
carrying coal to power plants.

239
00:18:39,919 --> 00:18:43,190
Coal supplies most
of China's energy

240
00:18:43,223 --> 00:18:44,657
and China burns as much of it

241
00:18:44,691 --> 00:18:48,861
as the rest of the world
combined, making China

242
00:18:48,895 --> 00:18:52,899
the world's largest emitter
of greenhouse gases.

243
00:18:55,335 --> 00:18:58,438
All over the world, including
in the United States,

244
00:18:58,471 --> 00:19:01,908
coal mining is an
extremely hazardous job,

245
00:19:03,376 --> 00:19:05,978
but no place compares to China.

246
00:19:08,615 --> 00:19:13,186
Chinese coal mining employs
three million people,

247
00:19:13,220 --> 00:19:15,154
it is politically powerful,

248
00:19:15,188 --> 00:19:18,191
corrupt, and
horrifically dangerous.

249
00:19:23,263 --> 00:19:25,164
Over the last 30 years,

250
00:19:25,198 --> 00:19:29,101
at least 200,000
miners have been killed

251
00:19:29,135 --> 00:19:30,703
and hundreds of thousands more

252
00:19:30,737 --> 00:19:34,073
maimed and crippled
in mining accidents.

253
00:19:45,452 --> 00:19:49,121
You are watching the
end of this man's life.

254
00:19:50,056 --> 00:19:51,891
Minutes after this was filmed,

255
00:19:51,924 --> 00:19:54,594
the mine collapsed, killing him.

256
00:19:59,732 --> 00:20:01,668
Like most mining deaths,

257
00:20:01,701 --> 00:20:04,937
this one was never
officially reported.

258
00:20:44,210 --> 00:20:46,413
- [Voiceover] Black
lung is a disease caused

259
00:20:46,446 --> 00:20:48,348
by breathing coal dust.

260
00:20:49,782 --> 00:20:52,652
None of these workers
have protective equipment

261
00:20:52,685 --> 00:20:56,789
and as a result, many will
die from this disease.

262
00:21:08,234 --> 00:21:10,437
- [Voiceover] An estimated
one million Chinese

263
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:13,039
have already died of black lung

264
00:21:14,507 --> 00:21:18,345
and up to 10 million
currently suffer from it.

265
00:21:53,446 --> 00:21:57,049
(sorrowful melody)

266
00:21:57,083 --> 00:21:59,919
- [Voiceover] This
is not a beach,

267
00:22:01,087 --> 00:22:03,523
it is an enormous
coal ash field.

268
00:22:05,958 --> 00:22:10,797
Every year, Chinese coal
plants produce 500 million tons

269
00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:12,832
of this hazardous waste.

270
00:22:16,469 --> 00:22:18,571
It contains mercury,

271
00:22:18,605 --> 00:22:21,841
arsenic, and over a
dozen heavy metals.

272
00:22:38,625 --> 00:22:40,593
- [Voiceover] Because
of its reliance on coal

273
00:22:40,627 --> 00:22:42,629
and heavy industry,

274
00:22:42,662 --> 00:22:45,432
over a third of China's lakes,

275
00:22:45,465 --> 00:22:50,136
half of its rivers, and 80%
of its urban groundwater

276
00:22:50,169 --> 00:22:51,571
are now polluted.

277
00:22:56,509 --> 00:23:01,047
The smog from burning coal
covers many Chinese cities

278
00:23:01,080 --> 00:23:05,251
and causes illnesses ranging
from asthma to cancer.

279
00:23:11,023 --> 00:23:14,661
In northern China,
just breathing the air

280
00:23:14,694 --> 00:23:17,864
reduces life expectancy
by five years.

281
00:23:21,033 --> 00:23:23,703
India is now on the same path

282
00:23:23,736 --> 00:23:27,339
with air pollution even
worse than China's.

283
00:23:28,875 --> 00:23:30,409
- I see coal India production

284
00:23:30,443 --> 00:23:32,344
doubling in the next five years.

285
00:23:32,378 --> 00:23:35,782
It makes about 500 million
tons hopefully this year,

286
00:23:35,815 --> 00:23:39,251
we do a billion tons
in 2019, as our effort,

287
00:23:39,285 --> 00:23:42,955
and we are working
systematically to a plan.

288
00:23:44,624 --> 00:23:47,293
- [Voiceover] Our dependence
on coal for electricity

289
00:23:47,326 --> 00:23:50,396
is destroying millions of lives

290
00:23:50,429 --> 00:23:52,932
and coal is the
number one contributor

291
00:23:52,965 --> 00:23:55,034
to global climate change,

292
00:23:56,969 --> 00:24:00,973
but we don't need to follow
this path any longer.

293
00:24:07,714 --> 00:24:09,558
- [Voiceover] How many
people are killed every year

294
00:24:09,582 --> 00:24:10,850
in your company in the process

295
00:24:10,883 --> 00:24:13,886
of manufacturing
your wind turbines?

296
00:24:14,887 --> 00:24:18,825
(speaking in foreign language)

297
00:24:20,459 --> 00:24:23,229
(hopeful melody)

298
00:25:13,546 --> 00:25:16,382
- Phenomenal things
are happening.

299
00:25:18,551 --> 00:25:21,854
The cost of renewable
energy is plummeting.

300
00:25:21,888 --> 00:25:25,024
Technology's developing
much faster than I thought

301
00:25:25,057 --> 00:25:27,326
and price is coming down
much faster than I thought,

302
00:25:27,359 --> 00:25:29,395
the price of solar,
the price of batteries,

303
00:25:29,428 --> 00:25:31,430
smart technologies.

304
00:25:31,463 --> 00:25:34,433
Ultimately, it will
be the low cost option

305
00:25:34,466 --> 00:25:35,968
and it feels free.

306
00:25:39,438 --> 00:25:42,008
- If you plot a graph of prices

307
00:25:43,442 --> 00:25:47,546
of different ways of making
electricity non-renewably,

308
00:25:47,580 --> 00:25:50,449
there's this curve that
comes down from heaven

309
00:25:50,482 --> 00:25:54,654
and climbs on your head and
that's solar and wind power,

310
00:25:55,788 --> 00:25:57,590
those costs are dropping rapidly

311
00:25:57,624 --> 00:26:01,293
whereas the other costs
are tending to go up.

312
00:26:06,532 --> 00:26:08,400
- [Voiceover] A new
nuclear power plant

313
00:26:08,434 --> 00:26:12,605
can produce electricity for 10
to 20 cents a kilowatt hour,

314
00:26:15,107 --> 00:26:18,444
a new coal power plant
is in the six, eight,

315
00:26:18,477 --> 00:26:21,580
possibly 10 cents a
kilowatt hour range,

316
00:26:21,614 --> 00:26:23,449
depending on where you are,

317
00:26:23,482 --> 00:26:26,919
a combined-cycle gas
plant is in the five, six,

318
00:26:26,953 --> 00:26:29,989
seven cent a
kilowatt hour range,

319
00:26:30,022 --> 00:26:32,591
for a new solar power plant,

320
00:26:32,625 --> 00:26:35,361
the unsubsidized
cost in the world

321
00:26:35,394 --> 00:26:38,497
are just over five
cents a kilowatt hour,

322
00:26:38,530 --> 00:26:41,367
the average new
wind power contract

323
00:26:41,400 --> 00:26:43,870
was four cents a kilowatt hour.

324
00:26:43,903 --> 00:26:48,574
Wind energy contracts are
being signed in Oklahoma

325
00:26:48,607 --> 00:26:51,043
for less than three
cents a kilowatt hour,

326
00:26:51,077 --> 00:26:54,380
you cannot build and
generate electricity

327
00:26:54,413 --> 00:26:58,450
from any other source in this
country cheaper than that,

328
00:26:58,484 --> 00:27:01,754
nothing else can
touch that price.

329
00:27:01,788 --> 00:27:05,892
- By about 2017 in
about 80% of the world,

330
00:27:05,925 --> 00:27:09,762
renewables will be competitive
against grid power.

331
00:27:09,796 --> 00:27:11,297
Anybody who doesn't
understand this

332
00:27:11,330 --> 00:27:14,333
is not paying
attention to the data.

333
00:27:24,811 --> 00:27:29,248
- We've doubled every year
for the last eight years.

334
00:27:29,281 --> 00:27:33,352
We investing into a massive
scale grid integration

335
00:27:33,385 --> 00:27:36,388
where every home
has a solar system.

336
00:27:41,460 --> 00:27:43,495
We deploying solar
storage in California,

337
00:27:43,529 --> 00:27:46,032
piloting the testing on
it to see how it goes,

338
00:27:46,065 --> 00:27:49,035
and then Tesla is investing into

339
00:27:49,068 --> 00:27:52,271
large scale storage
to reduce the cost.

340
00:27:52,304 --> 00:27:55,574
At some point, solar
storage will be combined

341
00:27:55,607 --> 00:27:58,711
with every single
system we deploy.

342
00:27:58,745 --> 00:28:01,047
If you had the solution
that I'm describing,

343
00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:03,215
you'll be able to produce
energy for your home,

344
00:28:03,249 --> 00:28:07,854
store it in the battery in the
day and consume it at night.

345
00:28:07,887 --> 00:28:10,757
The solar industry
creates local jobs.

346
00:28:10,790 --> 00:28:13,125
You actually have to
go to somebody's house

347
00:28:13,159 --> 00:28:16,295
and install the solar systems.

348
00:28:16,328 --> 00:28:18,965
We take away all the complexity,

349
00:28:18,998 --> 00:28:21,433
so the equipment's free,
installation's free,

350
00:28:21,467 --> 00:28:22,969
we deal with the permits,

351
00:28:23,002 --> 00:28:26,939
what you pay for is
essentially the electricity.

352
00:28:26,973 --> 00:28:31,377
Average home will probably
save about, in California,

353
00:28:31,410 --> 00:28:35,081
15 to 20 thousand dollars
over the 20 year period.

354
00:28:35,114 --> 00:28:37,884
- Our company will be a
multi-billion dollar business

355
00:28:37,917 --> 00:28:40,086
in just a few short years.

356
00:28:45,024 --> 00:28:46,793
We're talking about
replacing or disrupting

357
00:28:46,826 --> 00:28:48,761
the electricity sector
which is obviously

358
00:28:48,795 --> 00:28:50,562
a multi-trillion dollar sector.

359
00:28:50,596 --> 00:28:52,331
We've got a better machine,

360
00:28:52,364 --> 00:28:56,068
it does the trick, it
produces electricity for less

361
00:28:56,102 --> 00:28:59,471
and without any of
the social costs.

362
00:28:59,505 --> 00:29:00,916
- [Voiceover] Some of
the world's largest

363
00:29:00,940 --> 00:29:03,042
and most profitable companies

364
00:29:03,075 --> 00:29:06,345
from Apple to Facebook to Google

365
00:29:06,378 --> 00:29:10,549
are converting their
operations to renewable energy.

366
00:29:13,452 --> 00:29:16,222
- This is an
enormous opportunity.

367
00:29:16,255 --> 00:29:21,027
By 2020, we would like
to produce as much energy

368
00:29:21,060 --> 00:29:25,564
as the total group consumes
from sustainable sources.

369
00:29:25,597 --> 00:29:26,732
It's in line with our vision

370
00:29:26,765 --> 00:29:28,334
and what the customer
wants us to do,

371
00:29:28,367 --> 00:29:32,138
but it's also, at the
end, a good investment.

372
00:29:37,543 --> 00:29:39,011
- You think you
have a good handle

373
00:29:39,045 --> 00:29:41,713
on how fast something can be
done and then you go to China,

374
00:29:41,747 --> 00:29:43,649
"What the hell did they do?

375
00:29:43,682 --> 00:29:45,617
"How did they do that?"

376
00:29:50,823 --> 00:29:52,058
In the last few years,

377
00:29:52,091 --> 00:29:55,061
China increased its
electric generation

378
00:29:55,094 --> 00:29:56,762
more from renewables

379
00:29:58,164 --> 00:30:01,901
than from all fossil and
nuclear plants put together.

380
00:30:56,522 --> 00:30:59,992
- The more you build
renewables, the less they cost.

381
00:31:00,026 --> 00:31:01,860
The less they cost,
the more you build,

382
00:31:01,894 --> 00:31:04,096
the more you build,
the less they cost.

383
00:31:04,130 --> 00:31:06,632
This is a
self-reinforcing process

384
00:31:06,665 --> 00:31:10,836
just like with microchips
or consumer electronics.

385
00:31:13,305 --> 00:31:15,641
In the case of wind power,

386
00:31:15,674 --> 00:31:19,745
we've great improved the
aerodynamics of the blades.

387
00:31:19,778 --> 00:31:22,214
We're using
better-power electronics

388
00:31:22,248 --> 00:31:24,150
and we're designing new
kinds of wind machines

389
00:31:24,183 --> 00:31:27,219
that work very well even
in lower wind speeds.

390
00:31:27,253 --> 00:31:28,854
All these things work together,

391
00:31:28,887 --> 00:31:31,257
so wind machines become

392
00:31:31,290 --> 00:31:34,893
cheaper and they
become more productive.

393
00:31:34,927 --> 00:31:36,528
You can start mass producing

394
00:31:36,562 --> 00:31:38,998
what used to be a handicraft.

395
00:31:52,611 --> 00:31:56,315
(speaking foreign language)

396
00:32:24,010 --> 00:32:25,544
- The whole energy
infrastructure

397
00:32:25,577 --> 00:32:28,614
is going to change
over the next 50 years.

398
00:32:28,647 --> 00:32:30,049
Solar and wind,

399
00:32:30,082 --> 00:32:32,884
that's gonna be our
primary source of energy.

400
00:32:32,918 --> 00:32:34,553
- [Voiceover] In western Europe,

401
00:32:34,586 --> 00:32:38,257
the transformation
has already begun.

402
00:32:38,290 --> 00:32:43,162
- Spain was 45% renewable
electricity in 2013,

403
00:32:43,195 --> 00:32:44,696
Scotland 46%,

404
00:32:45,998 --> 00:32:48,200
Portugal 58%,

405
00:32:48,234 --> 00:32:51,003
and these are all
growing rapidly.

406
00:32:51,037 --> 00:32:54,040
Denmark is headed for 100%

407
00:32:54,073 --> 00:32:56,508
renewable energy of all forms

408
00:32:57,843 --> 00:33:01,680
and they have the most
reliable electricity in Europe.

409
00:33:10,022 --> 00:33:11,799
- [Voiceover] But there
are over a billion people

410
00:33:11,823 --> 00:33:15,994
in the world who have never
had electricity at all.

411
00:33:29,475 --> 00:33:31,877
- Basic access to
electricity is critical

412
00:33:31,910 --> 00:33:33,445
for children's education,

413
00:33:33,479 --> 00:33:36,715
it's critical for
safe cooking of food.

414
00:33:37,816 --> 00:33:41,320
It's central for
basic things in life.

415
00:33:41,353 --> 00:33:43,021
The struggle to
end global poverty

416
00:33:43,055 --> 00:33:45,224
and the struggle to avoid
catastrophic climate change

417
00:33:45,257 --> 00:33:49,195
must be seen as two
sides of the same coin.

418
00:33:49,228 --> 00:33:51,097
If we don't do one,

419
00:33:51,130 --> 00:33:54,633
we won't address the
other and vice versa.

420
00:33:58,137 --> 00:34:00,739
- [Voiceover] Most of
Kenya's 40 million people

421
00:34:00,772 --> 00:34:04,343
don't have access to
conventional electricity.

422
00:34:04,376 --> 00:34:07,646
For them, solar power
is revolutionary.

423
00:34:10,916 --> 00:34:13,652
- People can jump over
the old infrastructure.

424
00:34:13,685 --> 00:34:15,954
Power generation
is going mobile.

425
00:34:15,987 --> 00:34:17,723
It's gonna be on every rooftop.

426
00:34:17,756 --> 00:34:19,791
It's gonna be with
a solar home system.

427
00:34:19,825 --> 00:34:22,394
(light melody)

428
00:34:24,630 --> 00:34:27,633
People don't have to buy upfront
their own power generation,

429
00:34:27,666 --> 00:34:31,337
they can pay for it every single
day in an affordable amount

430
00:34:31,370 --> 00:34:32,914
which is less than
what they would spend

431
00:34:32,938 --> 00:34:36,108
for the alternative
which is kerosene.

432
00:34:37,476 --> 00:34:39,087
At the end of one year
that product becomes theirs

433
00:34:39,111 --> 00:34:42,114
and they're getting
energy for free.

434
00:34:59,265 --> 00:35:01,200
When I sat down
and start thinking

435
00:35:01,233 --> 00:35:03,969
of how much I using in
a month for paraffin,

436
00:35:04,002 --> 00:35:06,505
it's much better to get
this one, to get the solar,

437
00:35:06,538 --> 00:35:08,073
than to buy the paraffin.

438
00:35:08,106 --> 00:35:11,109
- We project over four years
that these low-income customers

439
00:35:11,143 --> 00:35:15,013
will save over 750 US
dollars per household

440
00:35:15,046 --> 00:35:17,383
and our ambition is to
get to a million homes

441
00:35:17,416 --> 00:35:21,587
as fast as possible which we
think we'll be doing by 2017.

442
00:36:11,470 --> 00:36:13,405
- 70% of the people
in Bangladesh

443
00:36:13,439 --> 00:36:15,941
have no access to electricity.

444
00:36:24,250 --> 00:36:26,518
So, we thought, "Now,
this is an opportunity,

445
00:36:26,552 --> 00:36:28,587
"starting with clean energy,"

446
00:36:28,620 --> 00:36:32,624
so we created a company
called Grameen Energy

447
00:36:32,658 --> 00:36:35,026
to bring solar energy
in the villages.

448
00:36:35,060 --> 00:36:38,897
So, in 10 years later, we
are the largest off grid

449
00:36:38,930 --> 00:36:41,600
solar system in the whole world.

450
00:36:46,204 --> 00:36:47,739
And we have reached already

451
00:36:47,773 --> 00:36:51,243
one and a half million
households in Bangladesh.

452
00:36:51,277 --> 00:36:52,687
- [Voiceover] So, you've
already reached 10%

453
00:36:52,711 --> 00:36:54,012
of the households in Bangladesh?

454
00:36:54,045 --> 00:36:55,681
- Almost, yeah, exactly.

455
00:36:55,714 --> 00:36:58,817
It took us 17 years to come
to one and a half million,

456
00:36:58,850 --> 00:37:00,552
it will take less
than three years

457
00:37:00,586 --> 00:37:02,921
to make the next one
and a half million.

458
00:37:02,954 --> 00:37:04,632
Whether it's in India,
whether it's in Africa,

459
00:37:04,656 --> 00:37:06,325
or whether it's
in Latin America,

460
00:37:06,358 --> 00:37:08,794
this is available to anybody.

461
00:37:16,435 --> 00:37:18,970
- If renewables are
cost-competitive already,

462
00:37:19,004 --> 00:37:21,239
they're growing very rapidly,

463
00:37:21,273 --> 00:37:24,943
then why do we have to worry
about the climate problem?

464
00:37:24,976 --> 00:37:27,513
I don't think that Exxon

465
00:37:27,546 --> 00:37:29,715
or Chevron or Peabody Coal

466
00:37:31,182 --> 00:37:34,152
is going to say, "There's
a better technology,

467
00:37:34,185 --> 00:37:37,889
"I guess we lost, you
get 'em solar industry,

468
00:37:37,923 --> 00:37:40,058
"we had a good run."

469
00:37:40,091 --> 00:37:42,894
If we wanna prevent
runaway climate change,

470
00:37:42,928 --> 00:37:45,130
we can only burn about a third

471
00:37:45,163 --> 00:37:49,335
out of the fossil fuel reserves
that we already know exists.

472
00:37:49,368 --> 00:37:53,104
In 2013, the energy
industry invested

473
00:37:53,138 --> 00:37:57,309
650 billion, billion with
a B, dollars in exploration

474
00:38:00,346 --> 00:38:02,381
to identify new reserves.

475
00:38:02,414 --> 00:38:05,417
(foreboding melody)

476
00:38:09,220 --> 00:38:10,822
- Now, I really believe that

477
00:38:10,856 --> 00:38:13,325
the climate is
changing naturally

478
00:38:13,359 --> 00:38:15,527
and that the
temperature for the last

479
00:38:15,561 --> 00:38:17,663
eight or nine years
has been cooling,

480
00:38:17,696 --> 00:38:20,031
and that the Arctic ice
has been increasing,

481
00:38:20,065 --> 00:38:21,943
and that there's a great
deal of misunderstanding

482
00:38:21,967 --> 00:38:23,902
out there about climate change.

483
00:38:23,935 --> 00:38:28,006
- Most of the the coal industry
has acted very analogous

484
00:38:28,039 --> 00:38:32,010
to the tobacco industry
when scientific evidence

485
00:38:32,043 --> 00:38:34,380
was coming out that
cigarette smoking

486
00:38:34,413 --> 00:38:37,583
is extremely hazardous
to your health.

487
00:38:46,925 --> 00:38:48,594
- The assertion that

488
00:38:49,995 --> 00:38:52,263
global warming is
occurring today

489
00:38:52,297 --> 00:38:54,466
and it's occurring
because of the release

490
00:38:54,500 --> 00:38:58,437
of CO2 and anthropogenic gases,
methane and such as that,

491
00:38:58,470 --> 00:39:00,038
it's really a hoax.

492
00:39:02,240 --> 00:39:03,918
I really believe it's
the greatest hoax ever

493
00:39:03,942 --> 00:39:06,878
perpetrated on the
American people.

494
00:39:10,749 --> 00:39:13,785
- [Voiceover] We have to take
on the richest companies,

495
00:39:13,819 --> 00:39:17,423
the richest industries, and
the richest individuals,

496
00:39:17,456 --> 00:39:20,559
in the history of the world.

497
00:39:20,592 --> 00:39:23,395
- So, I'm not disputing that

498
00:39:23,429 --> 00:39:25,564
increase in CO2 emissions
in the atmosphere

499
00:39:25,597 --> 00:39:28,066
is going to have an impact,
it'll have a warming impact.

500
00:39:28,099 --> 00:39:32,538
Now, I think there are much
more pressing priorities

501
00:39:32,571 --> 00:39:36,742
that we as a human being race
and society need to deal with.

502
00:39:56,662 --> 00:39:59,030
- What makes this more
criminal than anything else

503
00:39:59,064 --> 00:40:01,900
is that we have viable
economic alternatives

504
00:40:01,933 --> 00:40:03,502
that are available today.

505
00:40:03,535 --> 00:40:06,071
- We are travelling in
the right direction,

506
00:40:06,104 --> 00:40:08,273
the difficulty that we have is

507
00:40:08,306 --> 00:40:11,376
we do have a clock
in front of us.

508
00:40:11,409 --> 00:40:12,687
- [Voiceover] And do you
think that we'll do this

509
00:40:12,711 --> 00:40:15,380
fast enough to deal with
the climate problem?

510
00:40:15,413 --> 00:40:17,516
- We have no choice, yes.

511
00:40:21,019 --> 00:40:23,689
(gentle melody)

512
00:40:28,393 --> 00:40:31,029
- [Voiceover] Once we
have clean electricity,

513
00:40:31,062 --> 00:40:34,032
we can begin to
electrify many processes

514
00:40:34,065 --> 00:40:37,168
from steel-making to heating

515
00:40:37,202 --> 00:40:39,705
that now require fossil fuels.

516
00:40:41,372 --> 00:40:43,942
And by electrifying
transportation,

517
00:40:43,975 --> 00:40:46,645
we can end our dependence on oil

518
00:40:47,746 --> 00:40:49,681
which will solve many problems

519
00:40:49,715 --> 00:40:52,217
in addition to climate change.

520
00:41:13,404 --> 00:41:16,407
This is the floating
city of Makoko.

521
00:41:18,409 --> 00:41:22,113
Over 100,000 people live
here without government,

522
00:41:22,147 --> 00:41:24,415
sanitation, or electricity.

523
00:41:53,912 --> 00:41:55,380
- You can look around the world

524
00:41:55,413 --> 00:41:59,450
at countries with a heavy
reliance on natural resources

525
00:42:00,586 --> 00:42:03,555
and you can see
lagging developing,

526
00:42:03,589 --> 00:42:06,758
high levels of inequality,
authoritarian rule,

527
00:42:06,792 --> 00:42:09,795
massive corruption
on a grand scale.

528
00:42:11,396 --> 00:42:14,900
Nigeria became a
centralized petrol state,

529
00:42:16,334 --> 00:42:20,739
a country in which more than
85% of government revenues

530
00:42:20,772 --> 00:42:23,108
were dominated by crude oil.

531
00:42:26,177 --> 00:42:29,080
Texaco, Chevron,
Royal Dutch Shell,

532
00:42:30,348 --> 00:42:34,452
British Petroleum, and
other major companies,

533
00:42:34,485 --> 00:42:36,855
all went into one area,

534
00:42:36,888 --> 00:42:39,157
and that is known
as the Niger Delta.

535
00:42:39,190 --> 00:42:41,760
(tribal music)

536
00:43:17,228 --> 00:43:18,973
- [Voiceover] What was the
nature of the relationship

537
00:43:18,997 --> 00:43:23,168
between the oil companies
and the Nigerian government?

538
00:43:30,608 --> 00:43:32,277
- [Voiceover] Nigeria's
economy was marked

539
00:43:32,310 --> 00:43:34,479
by grand corruption.

540
00:43:34,512 --> 00:43:36,948
Huge sums of the oil revenues

541
00:43:38,516 --> 00:43:40,451
that should've been
used for investment

542
00:43:40,485 --> 00:43:44,956
in Nigeria and its people
have simply gone out the door

543
00:43:44,990 --> 00:43:48,559
to line the pockets of
private individuals.

544
00:43:59,437 --> 00:44:03,408
Nigeria's now the
largest economy in Africa

545
00:44:03,441 --> 00:44:07,612
and yet most Nigerians
are living at or
below a $1.25 a day.

546
00:44:11,549 --> 00:44:13,719
You have very low employment,

547
00:44:13,752 --> 00:44:16,554
no more than 30,000
Nigerians are employed

548
00:44:16,587 --> 00:44:20,391
in the oil and gas
sector even today.

549
00:44:20,425 --> 00:44:23,261
So, it's a deeply
unequal society.

550
00:44:24,662 --> 00:44:26,064
And consequently,

551
00:44:27,565 --> 00:44:31,770
very unstable in terms of
social violence, insurgency,

552
00:44:34,439 --> 00:44:38,609
and the environmental
devastation of the Niger Delta

553
00:44:39,745 --> 00:44:40,745
is massive.

554
00:44:57,863 --> 00:45:02,267
- Thousands of miles of
pipeline and oil infrastructure,

555
00:45:02,300 --> 00:45:06,071
essentially the plumbing
of the oil industry.

556
00:45:08,373 --> 00:45:11,542
Underwater, in the
swamps, up the creeks,

557
00:45:11,576 --> 00:45:14,312
there are daily
spills, leakages,

558
00:45:15,914 --> 00:45:20,251
which have fouled
creeks, rivers, and soil,

559
00:45:20,285 --> 00:45:24,289
and Exxon Valdez, a year
in terms of oil spills.

560
00:45:57,989 --> 00:46:00,325
For years and years,

561
00:46:00,358 --> 00:46:03,328
every day, 24 hours of the day,

562
00:46:03,361 --> 00:46:06,097
gas was being
flagged in Nigeria.

563
00:46:25,917 --> 00:46:29,487
- [Voiceover] To this
day, the sky is orange

564
00:46:29,520 --> 00:46:31,857
at midnight from gas flames.

565
00:46:57,148 --> 00:46:59,985
(pressing melody)

566
00:47:59,978 --> 00:48:03,714
- [Voiceover] Around the
world, in Saudi Arabia,

567
00:48:03,748 --> 00:48:06,317
Iran, Iraq, Russia, and Africa,

568
00:48:08,920 --> 00:48:12,757
oil fosters corruption,
dictatorship, and war.

569
00:48:17,128 --> 00:48:19,664
The world would be
a much better place

570
00:48:19,697 --> 00:48:22,200
if we didn't need oil anymore.

571
00:48:25,803 --> 00:48:27,405
And soon, we won't.

572
00:48:29,707 --> 00:48:33,611
Hybrid vehicles, which have a
rapidly growing market share,

573
00:48:33,644 --> 00:48:37,315
are the first step in
a profound revolution.

574
00:48:40,651 --> 00:48:44,822
Electric vehicles don't pollute
or emit greenhouse gases.

575
00:48:46,457 --> 00:48:49,627
They are silent,
easier to maintain,

576
00:48:49,660 --> 00:48:51,997
and less expensive to drive.

577
00:48:53,598 --> 00:48:57,602
Gasoline costs five times more
than the electricity required

578
00:48:57,635 --> 00:49:01,906
to drive an electric
car the same distance.

579
00:49:01,939 --> 00:49:03,741
- [Voiceover] Electric
cars get cheaper

580
00:49:03,774 --> 00:49:08,379
and better all the time, the
motors, the power electronics,

581
00:49:08,413 --> 00:49:12,050
the computers that
control the thing,

582
00:49:12,083 --> 00:49:16,254
and especially batteries
which were the expensive part.

583
00:49:18,123 --> 00:49:20,525
- [Voiceover] The limiting
factor in making electric cars

584
00:49:20,558 --> 00:49:24,195
as practical and affordable
as conventional cars

585
00:49:24,229 --> 00:49:26,131
has been the batteries.

586
00:49:27,532 --> 00:49:30,135
- The price of batters
over the last five years,

587
00:49:30,168 --> 00:49:32,303
they drop in half.

588
00:49:32,337 --> 00:49:34,805
They're expected to
drop in half again

589
00:49:34,839 --> 00:49:36,574
in the same period of time

590
00:49:36,607 --> 00:49:38,843
without any radical breakthrough

591
00:49:38,876 --> 00:49:41,312
just a slow steady increment.

592
00:49:42,480 --> 00:49:43,824
Now, if you drop to
one-third, one-quarter

593
00:49:43,848 --> 00:49:45,283
of what it is today,

594
00:49:45,316 --> 00:49:49,187
you can get a 300-250 mile
range car for $25,000,

595
00:49:50,621 --> 00:49:54,859
competitive at the get-go,
much cheaper to operate,

596
00:49:54,892 --> 00:49:57,895
fundamentally a
much better vehicle.

597
00:50:00,531 --> 00:50:05,370
- [Voiceover] Between 2009 and
2015, sales of electric cars

598
00:50:05,403 --> 00:50:07,905
around the world rose tenfold.

599
00:50:09,540 --> 00:50:11,909
Electric cars will be
broadly competitive

600
00:50:11,942 --> 00:50:14,445
with conventional cars by 2025

601
00:50:16,381 --> 00:50:18,916
and they have another advantage.

602
00:50:18,949 --> 00:50:20,551
- Should I put it in
Sport Insane Mode?

603
00:50:20,585 --> 00:50:24,589
(woman screaming in excitement)

604
00:50:29,827 --> 00:50:32,663
- [Voiceover]
They're really cool.

605
00:50:34,699 --> 00:50:37,435
But we have a long way to go.

606
00:50:37,468 --> 00:50:39,604
Without stronger
government support,

607
00:50:39,637 --> 00:50:43,808
it will take decades to phase
out gasoline-powered vehicles.

608
00:50:45,176 --> 00:50:46,444
In the meantime,

609
00:50:46,477 --> 00:50:50,915
there's another way to
reduce oil consumption.

610
00:50:50,948 --> 00:50:53,484
Urban design can make
a huge difference

611
00:50:53,518 --> 00:50:57,688
in how much driving we do
and how much energy we use.

612
00:50:59,090 --> 00:51:00,634
- Right now, everybody's
thinking about climate change,

613
00:51:00,658 --> 00:51:04,061
it's the big problem
that we have to solve

614
00:51:04,095 --> 00:51:06,131
and we do, absolutely,

615
00:51:06,164 --> 00:51:08,799
and it needs more attention
than it's getting,

616
00:51:08,833 --> 00:51:10,968
but we also have to
see it in concert

617
00:51:11,001 --> 00:51:13,471
with all the other
benefits that you get

618
00:51:13,504 --> 00:51:15,806
when you address it.

619
00:51:15,840 --> 00:51:20,010
The energy the planet needs
is defined by how we live.

620
00:51:22,213 --> 00:51:25,216
It's not just about getting
a more energy-efficient car,

621
00:51:25,250 --> 00:51:27,518
it's about using cars less.

622
00:51:29,320 --> 00:51:30,788
We're gonna be building cities

623
00:51:30,821 --> 00:51:34,759
for about two to three billion
people between now and 2050,

624
00:51:36,627 --> 00:51:38,529
we better get it right.

625
00:51:40,131 --> 00:51:43,067
- [Voiceover] Many of those
cities will be in China

626
00:51:43,100 --> 00:51:44,935
whose urban design has followed

627
00:51:44,969 --> 00:51:47,705
a pattern of
freeways and sprawl.

628
00:51:48,939 --> 00:51:50,608
- In China, they're building

629
00:51:50,641 --> 00:51:53,144
what I call high-density sprawl,

630
00:51:53,178 --> 00:51:55,346
it's the same as
our American suburb,

631
00:51:55,380 --> 00:51:59,450
but instead of two
stories, it's 10 stories.

632
00:51:59,484 --> 00:52:01,118
A tower isolated from street

633
00:52:01,152 --> 00:52:05,523
and street has been
completely given over to cars.

634
00:52:05,556 --> 00:52:08,526
Way across town are
jobs in a factory

635
00:52:08,559 --> 00:52:10,895
or in an office building,

636
00:52:10,928 --> 00:52:13,164
and they have built a
physical environment

637
00:52:13,198 --> 00:52:14,765
that needs the car.

638
00:52:16,033 --> 00:52:17,635
Take Beijing, today.

639
00:52:17,668 --> 00:52:22,640
You have a city with only 30%
of the population owning cars

640
00:52:22,673 --> 00:52:25,843
in complete gridlock,
they can't move.

641
00:52:27,011 --> 00:52:30,281
China is building cities
for 350 million people

642
00:52:30,315 --> 00:52:31,782
over the next 20 years,

643
00:52:31,816 --> 00:52:33,218
that's the same as building

644
00:52:33,251 --> 00:52:36,020
the United States
all over again.

645
00:52:37,488 --> 00:52:40,791
If they get that wrong,
we're all kind of doomed

646
00:52:40,825 --> 00:52:42,059
to tell you the truth

647
00:52:42,092 --> 00:52:45,296
because if those urban
forms cause pollution

648
00:52:45,330 --> 00:52:47,898
and demand more and more energy,

649
00:52:47,932 --> 00:52:50,935
I don't think that we're
gonna be able to solve

650
00:52:50,968 --> 00:52:52,570
the carbon problem.

651
00:52:54,004 --> 00:52:55,440
The good news is

652
00:52:55,473 --> 00:52:59,277
they see the hole that they're
digging themselves into

653
00:52:59,310 --> 00:53:00,878
and if they get it right,

654
00:53:00,911 --> 00:53:02,647
then they can
become a role model

655
00:53:02,680 --> 00:53:05,416
for the rest of the
developing world

656
00:53:05,450 --> 00:53:08,786
and it's fairly easy
to get it right.

657
00:53:08,819 --> 00:53:11,489
(serene melody)

658
00:53:15,326 --> 00:53:16,927
(speaking in foreign language)

659
00:53:16,961 --> 00:53:19,830
Jaime Lerner was one of the
greatest revolutionaries

660
00:53:19,864 --> 00:53:23,401
in urban design 'cause
he was the first one to

661
00:53:23,434 --> 00:53:26,771
begin to shape a
city around transit,

662
00:53:26,804 --> 00:53:30,975
dedicating streets to city
life as oppose to cars.

663
00:53:43,020 --> 00:53:44,922
- [Voiceover] Jaime
Lerner's policies

664
00:53:44,955 --> 00:53:48,293
controlled urban
sprawl, expanded parks,

665
00:53:49,927 --> 00:53:54,098
and provided affordable and
convenient public transit.

666
00:54:04,775 --> 00:54:08,112
- He invented the idea
of bus rapid transit,

667
00:54:08,145 --> 00:54:11,048
treating a bus like
it was a train.

668
00:54:55,693 --> 00:54:57,528
- [Voiceover] In
central Amsterdam,

669
00:54:57,562 --> 00:55:00,197
most trips are made on bicycles.

670
00:55:04,034 --> 00:55:08,873
There are 18 million
bicycles in the Netherlands.

671
00:55:08,906 --> 00:55:10,808
More bikes than people.

672
00:55:17,047 --> 00:55:20,485
- I define a good
urban form very simply.

673
00:55:22,219 --> 00:55:23,821
Number one, it's human scale.

674
00:55:23,854 --> 00:55:27,925
The streets are narrow,
intersections are easy to cross,

675
00:55:27,958 --> 00:55:30,294
cars are going slower,
so there's better space

676
00:55:30,327 --> 00:55:32,497
for bikes and pedestrians,

677
00:55:34,298 --> 00:55:36,967
and along the way, you have
all the social gathering places

678
00:55:37,001 --> 00:55:39,737
that make a city
neighborhood exciting

679
00:55:39,770 --> 00:55:42,773
and interesting to live in.

680
00:55:42,807 --> 00:55:45,443
The best neighborhoods
mix age groups

681
00:55:45,476 --> 00:55:48,245
and income groups
and activities.

682
00:55:50,180 --> 00:55:52,650
The best neighborhoods
have shops and jobs

683
00:55:52,683 --> 00:55:55,753
and park and school
and libraries

684
00:55:55,786 --> 00:55:58,456
and has this all mixed together.

685
00:56:05,530 --> 00:56:06,764
When you start talking about

686
00:56:06,797 --> 00:56:10,901
the life that used to be
part of a healthy city,

687
00:56:10,935 --> 00:56:14,271
everybody gets it and
they want it back.

688
00:56:22,146 --> 00:56:25,416
Every crisis is an
opportunity not to be lost.

689
00:56:25,450 --> 00:56:28,786
This is a crisis, but
it's a huge opportunity

690
00:56:28,819 --> 00:56:32,256
'cause we can shift
the way we build cities

691
00:56:32,289 --> 00:56:34,158
and we can shift the way we live

692
00:56:34,191 --> 00:56:36,393
into a much more
positive outcome

693
00:56:36,427 --> 00:56:39,830
not just for climate,
but for the planet,

694
00:56:41,098 --> 00:56:43,868
the economy, our
social well-belng,

695
00:56:43,901 --> 00:56:46,170
and our health, everything.

696
00:56:51,542 --> 00:56:54,144
(rapid melody)

697
00:57:49,266 --> 00:57:53,704
- [Voiceover] These are
northern muriqui monkeys.

698
00:57:53,738 --> 00:57:55,740
They are unique among primates

699
00:57:55,773 --> 00:57:57,508
because they live as equals

700
00:57:57,542 --> 00:58:00,277
without dominance
or competition.

701
00:58:06,183 --> 00:58:10,821
- The muriquis are a completely
different kind of primate

702
00:58:10,855 --> 00:58:14,458
from any others that
we know anything about.

703
00:58:14,491 --> 00:58:17,394
They're peaceful, they
associate with each other,

704
00:58:17,427 --> 00:58:20,064
there's no aggression
the way you see

705
00:58:20,097 --> 00:58:24,134
or pecking order the way you
see in most other animals.

706
00:58:24,168 --> 00:58:26,771
They provide this
model of behavior

707
00:58:26,804 --> 00:58:29,306
that we sort of aspire toward.

708
00:58:32,710 --> 00:58:35,079
- [Voiceover] But these
animals now face extinction.

709
00:58:35,112 --> 00:58:39,049
(sorrowful suspenseful melody)

710
00:58:42,653 --> 00:58:46,056
95% of their forest
has been cut down

711
00:58:46,090 --> 00:58:48,158
and there are only
a thousand of them

712
00:58:48,192 --> 00:58:50,294
left in the entire world.

713
00:58:54,965 --> 00:58:56,309
- [Voiceover] These
animals could disappear

714
00:58:56,333 --> 00:58:57,735
in our lifetimes.

715
00:58:59,870 --> 00:59:01,639
I just find that

716
00:59:01,672 --> 00:59:03,207
really

717
00:59:03,240 --> 00:59:04,240
alarming.

718
00:59:12,950 --> 00:59:15,686
- [Voiceover] The muriquis
are just one casualty

719
00:59:15,720 --> 00:59:19,890
of a vast process that is
destroying whole ecosystems

720
00:59:21,225 --> 00:59:24,595
and is a major contributor
to climate change.

721
00:59:28,165 --> 00:59:30,968
- It's the destruction
of the forests

722
00:59:31,001 --> 00:59:33,804
particularly the rainforests
and the boreal forests

723
00:59:33,838 --> 00:59:36,340
around the world
that is responsible

724
00:59:36,373 --> 00:59:39,610
for such huge emissions
of carbon dioxide

725
00:59:39,644 --> 00:59:41,545
into the atmosphere particularly

726
00:59:41,578 --> 00:59:44,915
when the forest are
clearcut and burned.

727
00:59:47,251 --> 00:59:49,062
- [Voiceover] Most of
these emissions are caused

728
00:59:49,086 --> 00:59:51,756
by the global
industrial food system

729
00:59:51,789 --> 00:59:55,960
which originated in the United
States after World War II.

730
00:59:59,764 --> 01:00:03,668
- Before World War II, most
farms were diversified.

731
01:00:03,701 --> 01:00:06,804
On the same farm where you were
growing grain or vegetables,

732
01:00:06,837 --> 01:00:09,506
you were also growing animals.

733
01:00:09,539 --> 01:00:11,275
The animals provided fertility

734
01:00:11,308 --> 01:00:13,443
in the form of their
waste to the plants

735
01:00:13,477 --> 01:00:17,715
and the plants provided
food for the animals.

736
01:00:17,748 --> 01:00:21,251
After World War II,
there was an effort to

737
01:00:22,419 --> 01:00:24,722
convert some of the
powerful technologies

738
01:00:24,755 --> 01:00:26,123
that had been developed

739
01:00:26,156 --> 01:00:28,592
as part of the war
effort to peacetime uses.

740
01:00:28,625 --> 01:00:32,562
Ammonium nitrate is the main
ingredient of munition bombs

741
01:00:32,596 --> 01:00:37,367
and it also is the same
ingredient as fertilizer.

742
01:00:37,401 --> 01:00:41,806
In 1947, the big munitions
plant at Muscle Shoals, Alabama

743
01:00:41,839 --> 01:00:46,210
converted from making
bombs to making fertilizer.

744
01:00:46,243 --> 01:00:50,748
Once you've got that
seemingly inexhaustible source

745
01:00:50,781 --> 01:00:52,950
of nitrogen fertilizer,

746
01:00:52,983 --> 01:00:55,252
you don't need
animals on your farm

747
01:00:55,285 --> 01:00:58,388
and you can move toward
monoculture production

748
01:00:58,422 --> 01:01:01,692
that is to say all
corn or all soybeans.

749
01:01:02,860 --> 01:01:06,563
This kind of agriculture
is actively promoted

750
01:01:06,596 --> 01:01:09,566
and it becomes more profitable

751
01:01:09,599 --> 01:01:14,304
to feed animals on feed
lots rather than on farms.

752
01:01:14,338 --> 01:01:15,973
The other important technology

753
01:01:16,006 --> 01:01:20,210
that came out of the war
effort was pesticides.

754
01:01:20,244 --> 01:01:25,115
Many of our pesticides began
their life as nerve gas

755
01:01:25,149 --> 01:01:26,817
that would kill
people at a high dose

756
01:01:26,851 --> 01:01:29,720
and at a lower dose, you
could kill insects with

757
01:01:29,754 --> 01:01:32,322
which was a convenient
thing because

758
01:01:32,356 --> 01:01:35,926
monocultures have
lots of pest problems,

759
01:01:35,960 --> 01:01:39,096
so you need a lot of chemicals.

760
01:01:39,129 --> 01:01:40,865
The secret ingredient
of this whole system

761
01:01:40,898 --> 01:01:43,467
I've been describing
is fossil fuel.

762
01:01:43,500 --> 01:01:46,636
Fossil fuel is what allows
you to make pesticides,

763
01:01:46,670 --> 01:01:49,173
most of them are
petrochemical pesticides.

764
01:01:49,206 --> 01:01:52,642
Fossil fuel is what allows
you to make fertilizer

765
01:01:52,676 --> 01:01:55,579
which turns into nitrous oxide
when it's exposed to oxygen

766
01:01:55,612 --> 01:01:59,784
which is a greenhouse gas 300
times more potent than carbon.

767
01:02:01,051 --> 01:02:02,262
- [Voiceover] In the short term,

768
01:02:02,286 --> 01:02:04,388
industrial food
is less expensive

769
01:02:04,421 --> 01:02:07,792
because it's mass
produced and automated.

770
01:02:07,825 --> 01:02:11,128
As a result, consumption
of meat and processed food

771
01:02:11,161 --> 01:02:13,430
has increased dramatically.

772
01:02:15,665 --> 01:02:17,167
- Since the
government encourages

773
01:02:17,201 --> 01:02:19,503
the growing of things
like corn and soy,

774
01:02:19,536 --> 01:02:21,906
they are, in effect, subsidizing

775
01:02:21,939 --> 01:02:24,708
the building blocks
of fast food.

776
01:02:24,741 --> 01:02:26,676
The corn becomes the cattle feed

777
01:02:26,710 --> 01:02:29,079
and the high fructose
corn syrup and the sodas,

778
01:02:29,113 --> 01:02:30,647
and the soy becomes the oil

779
01:02:30,680 --> 01:02:33,818
in which most of the
fast food gets fried.

780
01:02:33,851 --> 01:02:36,854
We are not supporting
people trying to grow

781
01:02:36,887 --> 01:02:40,457
what are called specialty
crops i.e real food.

782
01:02:40,490 --> 01:02:41,792
- In the United States,

783
01:02:41,826 --> 01:02:44,862
less than 4% total of farm acres

784
01:02:44,895 --> 01:02:49,466
are dedicated to either fruits
or vegetables or tree nuts,

785
01:02:49,499 --> 01:02:51,401
it's a tiny proportion.

786
01:02:55,505 --> 01:03:00,410
- [Voiceover] This system
has become unsustainable.

787
01:03:00,444 --> 01:03:02,512
It takes up to 10
times more land

788
01:03:02,546 --> 01:03:05,015
to feed ourselves
with meat as it does

789
01:03:05,049 --> 01:03:08,252
to feed ourselves with plants.

790
01:03:08,285 --> 01:03:12,823
As a result, 30% of the
Earth's land is now being used

791
01:03:12,857 --> 01:03:15,926
for the production of livestock,

792
01:03:15,960 --> 01:03:19,930
the giant lagoons that
store their waste,

793
01:03:19,964 --> 01:03:23,733
and the vast areas needed
to grow their food.

794
01:03:24,801 --> 01:03:26,904
- There are literally billions

795
01:03:26,937 --> 01:03:29,940
of animals being
raised for food and

796
01:03:31,041 --> 01:03:33,243
huge areas of
forest and woodland

797
01:03:33,277 --> 01:03:37,447
are cut down to grow the
grain to feed the livestock.

798
01:03:41,618 --> 01:03:44,955
- [Voiceover] In the Brazilian
state of Mato Grosso,

799
01:03:44,989 --> 01:03:48,325
over 20,000 square miles
have been deforested

800
01:03:48,358 --> 01:03:51,095
to grow soybeans
for animal feed.

801
01:03:53,763 --> 01:03:56,466
- The most profitable
driver of deforestation

802
01:03:56,500 --> 01:03:59,236
in Latin America is soybeans.

803
01:03:59,269 --> 01:04:00,704
If I'm a farmer in Mato Grosso,

804
01:04:00,737 --> 01:04:04,641
I can down forest and make
five to seven hundred dollars

805
01:04:04,674 --> 01:04:07,577
every hectare every
year of profit.

806
01:04:09,246 --> 01:04:11,048
- [Voiceover] Blairo
Maggi and his brother

807
01:04:11,081 --> 01:04:13,450
became billionaires this way.

808
01:04:13,483 --> 01:04:18,088
They are now the two largest
soy producers in the world.

809
01:04:18,122 --> 01:04:22,292
Most of their production is
exported to China to feed pigs.

810
01:04:24,028 --> 01:04:27,965
(speaking in foreign language)

811
01:04:37,307 --> 01:04:39,643
- The Maggi family
faced little resistance

812
01:04:39,676 --> 01:04:41,946
while destroying forests

813
01:04:41,979 --> 01:04:44,481
because between 2003 and 2010,

814
01:04:45,615 --> 01:04:49,186
the governor of Mato
Grosso was Blairo Maggi.

815
01:04:50,820 --> 01:04:52,689
- He was the leader
of the governors

816
01:04:52,722 --> 01:04:55,993
and he was kind of the
spokesperson for the group,

817
01:04:56,026 --> 01:04:58,462
making the pressure
on the present,

818
01:04:58,495 --> 01:05:00,931
very strong pressure
on the present.

819
01:05:00,965 --> 01:05:02,566
- [Voiceover] While
Maggi was governor,

820
01:05:02,599 --> 01:05:04,434
Mato Grosso accounted for half

821
01:05:04,468 --> 01:05:07,037
of all deforestation in Brazil.

822
01:05:15,079 --> 01:05:18,048
- [Voiceover] Now,
deforestation has moved north

823
01:05:18,082 --> 01:05:19,349
into the Amazon

824
01:05:20,484 --> 01:05:22,419
which is endangering
the water supply

825
01:05:22,452 --> 01:05:25,055
for tens of millions of people.

826
01:05:27,624 --> 01:05:31,028
- A forest generates
its own rainfall.

827
01:05:31,061 --> 01:05:32,462
You can cut down a forest

828
01:05:32,496 --> 01:05:35,332
and what happens to the rainfall
in that particular region?

829
01:05:35,365 --> 01:05:37,367
You cut down a
vast area of forest

830
01:05:37,401 --> 01:05:40,437
and you're going to
have global impact.

831
01:05:40,470 --> 01:05:43,507
- [Voiceover] Much of the
water supply in southern Brazil

832
01:05:43,540 --> 01:05:46,910
depends on the
forest to the north.

833
01:05:46,943 --> 01:05:49,113
As those forest disappear,

834
01:05:50,114 --> 01:05:51,615
so does the water.

835
01:05:56,586 --> 01:06:00,690
Since 2014, Brazil
has experienced
severe water shortages

836
01:06:01,858 --> 01:06:05,062
for the first time
in its history.

837
01:06:05,095 --> 01:06:07,998
For Sao Paulo, a
city of 20 million,

838
01:06:08,032 --> 01:06:10,100
this has become a crisis.

839
01:06:11,401 --> 01:06:14,404
- I would say that for
the last two months,

840
01:06:14,438 --> 01:06:16,240
almost every day

841
01:06:16,273 --> 01:06:18,642
after 10pm

842
01:06:18,675 --> 01:06:20,444
and before 6am,

843
01:06:20,477 --> 01:06:24,881
there's no water, it's
not raining on the top,

844
01:06:24,914 --> 01:06:29,086
there are place that they don't
have water half of the week.

845
01:06:30,587 --> 01:06:33,990
We're seeing tensions between
Sao Paulo and Rio De Janeiro

846
01:06:34,024 --> 01:06:37,494
because Rio needs the water
to produce the energy,

847
01:06:37,527 --> 01:06:40,764
but Sao Paulo needs the
water for the people,

848
01:06:40,797 --> 01:06:42,732
and they're fighting
where to put the water

849
01:06:42,766 --> 01:06:44,301
like how to use the water,

850
01:06:44,334 --> 01:06:48,338
something that we couldn't
imagine 10 years ago.

851
01:06:52,876 --> 01:06:57,047
- [Daniel] In 2013,
deforestation came up 28%

852
01:06:58,148 --> 01:06:59,949
above the previous year.

853
01:06:59,983 --> 01:07:01,285
- [Voiceover] How come?

854
01:07:01,318 --> 01:07:04,488
- Soy is starting
to run out of space.

855
01:07:15,099 --> 01:07:19,269
- Not only are these carbon
dioxide emissions increasing

856
01:07:20,804 --> 01:07:23,440
as we destroy and
burn the forest,

857
01:07:23,473 --> 01:07:26,443
but there's less forest
left to absorb the CO2

858
01:07:26,476 --> 01:07:28,745
that we've put
into the atmosphere

859
01:07:28,778 --> 01:07:32,349
from burning our fossil
fuels and so forth.

860
01:07:34,084 --> 01:07:35,652
It's pretty shocking

861
01:07:35,685 --> 01:07:38,488
when you think of
the vast destruction

862
01:07:38,522 --> 01:07:41,125
of the forest around the world.

863
01:07:43,227 --> 01:07:44,628
- [Voiceover]
Nowhere in the world

864
01:07:44,661 --> 01:07:47,264
are the forest more valuable
to the Earth's climate

865
01:07:47,297 --> 01:07:48,798
than in Indonesia.

866
01:07:51,067 --> 01:07:53,537
These peatlands
store as much carbon

867
01:07:53,570 --> 01:07:57,073
as all the world's
other forests combined.

868
01:07:59,709 --> 01:08:02,879
The Indonesian government
owns these forest

869
01:08:02,912 --> 01:08:05,649
and has promised
to protect them.

870
01:08:10,053 --> 01:08:12,489
Which is exactly the problem.

871
01:08:19,329 --> 01:08:22,065
- These deep peat layers,
10 meters deep or more,

872
01:08:22,098 --> 01:08:26,203
they sequester 10 times more
carbon than Amazon forests

873
01:08:26,236 --> 01:08:29,239
and yet these have been
drained and dried out

874
01:08:29,273 --> 01:08:32,041
and burned at a
frightening pace.

875
01:08:33,543 --> 01:08:35,312
- Everything you are
seeing was filmed

876
01:08:35,345 --> 01:08:37,947
covertly and illegally in 2014.

877
01:08:40,049 --> 01:08:43,187
In Indonesia, filming
without a journalist visa

878
01:08:43,220 --> 01:08:46,390
is punishable by
five years in prison.

879
01:08:48,625 --> 01:08:51,761
During Indonesia's
annual burning season,

880
01:08:51,795 --> 01:08:56,533
thousands of illegal fires
destroy vast areas of forest

881
01:08:56,566 --> 01:08:58,968
causing air pollution so severe

882
01:08:59,002 --> 01:09:02,439
that airports close
for hundreds of miles.

883
01:09:05,675 --> 01:09:08,812
This deforestation
makes Indonesia

884
01:09:08,845 --> 01:09:12,782
one of the world's largest
emitters of greenhouse gases

885
01:09:12,816 --> 01:09:16,052
along with China and
the United States.

886
01:09:19,523 --> 01:09:23,693
Most of these forests are
destroyed to plant oil palms,

887
01:09:24,861 --> 01:09:26,930
trees which make a
great deal of money

888
01:09:26,963 --> 01:09:29,733
for a very small
number of people

889
01:09:32,602 --> 01:09:35,004
because palm oil is
used in everything

890
01:09:35,038 --> 01:09:38,775
from girl scout cookies
to cleaning products.

891
01:09:40,710 --> 01:09:43,947
As a result, no other commodity

892
01:09:43,980 --> 01:09:47,417
has such a massive
impact on our climate.

893
01:09:55,091 --> 01:09:56,602
- [Voiceover] When
they clear these lands,

894
01:09:56,626 --> 01:10:00,430
they go down to bare soll,
so everything that walked,

895
01:10:00,464 --> 01:10:04,133
grew, slid, or flew is
dead, is annihilated.

896
01:10:11,107 --> 01:10:12,842
- [Voiceover] The
island of Sumatra

897
01:10:12,876 --> 01:10:15,712
once contained
100,000 orangutans,

898
01:10:17,914 --> 01:10:19,849
less than 7,000 remain.

899
01:10:25,021 --> 01:10:28,992
When land is deforested
for palm oil plantation,

900
01:10:29,025 --> 01:10:31,528
orangutans lose their habitat.

901
01:10:33,029 --> 01:10:34,898
When they attempt to return,

902
01:10:34,931 --> 01:10:37,501
the adults are shot and killed.

903
01:10:40,937 --> 01:10:45,108
But the babies clinging to
them are sometimes rescued.

904
01:11:45,669 --> 01:11:47,003
The battle to save
the orangutans

905
01:11:47,036 --> 01:11:49,005
is not just the battle
to save the orangutans,

906
01:11:49,038 --> 01:11:50,507
it's a battle for
climate change,

907
01:11:50,540 --> 01:11:52,075
it's a battle for everything,

908
01:11:52,108 --> 01:11:53,919
and all the other species
that are in these forests,

909
01:11:53,943 --> 01:11:56,312
it's a battle for the long
time economic development

910
01:11:56,346 --> 01:11:58,482
of the indigenous community

911
01:11:58,515 --> 01:12:02,619
versus the benefit for the bank
accounts of the super rich.

912
01:12:05,389 --> 01:12:06,823
Local farmers are often evicted

913
01:12:06,856 --> 01:12:09,158
from their traditional lands.

914
01:12:09,192 --> 01:12:10,627
The river levels go down,

915
01:12:10,660 --> 01:12:13,129
the fishery which is
the main protein supply

916
01:12:13,162 --> 01:12:16,800
for local communities
is destroyed.

917
01:12:16,833 --> 01:12:18,568
- [Voiceover] Palm oil
production has boomed

918
01:12:18,602 --> 01:12:22,205
over the last decade making
these men billionaires.

919
01:12:22,238 --> 01:12:25,008
(ominous melody)

920
01:12:26,209 --> 01:12:27,844
It is highly profitable

921
01:12:27,877 --> 01:12:31,114
because illegal
deforestation is cheap.

922
01:12:32,782 --> 01:12:34,117
And so is labor.

923
01:12:53,803 --> 01:12:57,707
(speaking in foreign language)

924
01:14:07,511 --> 01:14:09,212
- So, this is the irony,

925
01:14:09,245 --> 01:14:11,481
you cannot possibly argue that

926
01:14:11,515 --> 01:14:13,850
that kind of behavior
is in the interest

927
01:14:13,883 --> 01:14:17,186
of any kind of
economic development.

928
01:14:17,220 --> 01:14:19,255
It's purely in the
interest of some guy

929
01:14:19,288 --> 01:14:22,592
whose already got a billion
dollars in a Swiss bank account,

930
01:14:22,626 --> 01:14:24,393
everybody else loses.

931
01:14:26,930 --> 01:14:28,765
- [Voiceover] With
regard to deforestation,

932
01:14:28,798 --> 01:14:31,801
has corruption been
a major problem?

933
01:14:33,336 --> 01:14:34,571
- When it comes to corruption,

934
01:14:34,604 --> 01:14:38,207
it's something that we
are not proud at all.

935
01:14:44,948 --> 01:14:47,016
Bribery, extortion money,

936
01:14:48,752 --> 01:14:51,521
it's something
that can be easily

937
01:14:53,189 --> 01:14:54,791
observed happening.

938
01:15:05,535 --> 01:15:09,205
- [Voiceover] In 2002, public
outrage lead to the creation

939
01:15:09,238 --> 01:15:13,643
of the Corruption
Eradication Commission or KPK

940
01:15:13,677 --> 01:15:14,778
which rapidly became

941
01:15:14,811 --> 01:15:18,147
the most trusted
institution in Indonesia

942
01:15:19,448 --> 01:15:21,951
and one of the only
hopes for protecting

943
01:15:21,985 --> 01:15:23,987
the forests that remain.

944
01:15:26,823 --> 01:15:28,858
- [Voiceover] We're
having this interview

945
01:15:28,892 --> 01:15:30,393
in October of 2014

946
01:15:31,895 --> 01:15:33,897
and just a few days ago,

947
01:15:35,264 --> 01:15:39,268
your investigators arrested
the governor of Riau.

948
01:15:40,570 --> 01:15:41,570
- Yeah.

949
01:15:42,772 --> 01:15:44,608
- [Voiceover] For taking bribes

950
01:15:44,641 --> 01:15:48,111
from a very important
palm oil industrialist.

951
01:15:48,144 --> 01:15:49,144
- Yeah.

952
01:16:04,293 --> 01:16:05,962
- [Voiceover] I see.

953
01:16:26,549 --> 01:16:27,984
- [Voiceover] I have been told

954
01:16:28,017 --> 01:16:32,188
the Indonesian parliament
is also quite corrupt.

955
01:16:32,221 --> 01:16:33,221
- Yeah.

956
01:17:02,118 --> 01:17:04,520
- [Voiceover] Do you think
that it will be necessary

957
01:17:04,553 --> 01:17:08,992
to prosecute extremely
politically powerful people?

958
01:17:09,025 --> 01:17:10,159
- Yes.

959
01:17:10,193 --> 01:17:11,570
- [Voiceover] From
very powerful families?

960
01:17:11,594 --> 01:17:12,594
- Yes.

961
01:17:17,533 --> 01:17:19,502
- [Voiceover] Shortly
after this interview,

962
01:17:19,535 --> 01:17:23,039
the president of Indonesia
nominated a corrupt general

963
01:17:23,072 --> 01:17:27,110
to head the already highly
corrupt national police.

964
01:17:27,143 --> 01:17:29,245
The KPK prostested,

965
01:17:29,278 --> 01:17:32,749
forcing President Joko to
withdraw the nomination,

966
01:17:32,782 --> 01:17:34,751
but the national
police retaliated

967
01:17:34,784 --> 01:17:37,120
by arresting Bambang Widjojanto

968
01:17:37,153 --> 01:17:41,324
and KPK chairman Abraham
Samad on fabricated charges.

969
01:17:43,592 --> 01:17:45,161
As we finish this film,

970
01:17:45,194 --> 01:17:47,964
their futures and that
of Indonesia's forests

971
01:17:47,997 --> 01:17:49,565
remain in jeopardy.

972
01:17:54,771 --> 01:17:56,248
- [Voiceover] How can
the global community

973
01:17:56,272 --> 01:18:00,844
rule out corruption,
arrest this deforestation?

974
01:18:00,877 --> 01:18:04,147
It's proving enormously
difficult to do.

975
01:18:04,180 --> 01:18:07,150
- We do what is
called a brand attack.

976
01:18:07,183 --> 01:18:09,585
We go off to the consumers of

977
01:18:11,254 --> 01:18:12,856
the products of the company,

978
01:18:12,889 --> 01:18:15,391
"Do you know that when you buy

979
01:18:16,960 --> 01:18:19,963
"this chocolate or
this soap or whatever,

980
01:18:19,996 --> 01:18:22,031
"you are contributing
to the destruction

981
01:18:22,065 --> 01:18:23,632
"of the Sumatran rainforest

982
01:18:23,666 --> 01:18:26,035
"and are contributing
to climate change?"

983
01:18:26,069 --> 01:18:30,239
- Companies realize that their
customers care about forests.

984
01:18:39,015 --> 01:18:41,317
- [Voiceover] In addition
to the products we buy,

985
01:18:41,350 --> 01:18:44,120
we can have an enormous
impact on deforestation

986
01:18:44,153 --> 01:18:46,555
by changing our diet

987
01:18:46,589 --> 01:18:49,592
which would also
benefit our health.

988
01:18:50,760 --> 01:18:52,237
- When we talk about
feeding the world,

989
01:18:52,261 --> 01:18:55,564
we have to ask, "Feeding
the world what?"

990
01:18:55,598 --> 01:18:57,566
If the world wants to eat meat

991
01:18:57,600 --> 01:18:59,068
the way we're eating meat now,

992
01:18:59,102 --> 01:19:01,170
nine ounces per person per day,

993
01:19:01,204 --> 01:19:05,374
we need 2.3 more worlds
just to grow all that grain.

994
01:19:06,709 --> 01:19:08,845
China's undergoing a
dietary transition right now

995
01:19:08,878 --> 01:19:11,614
as they move onto
the western diet

996
01:19:11,647 --> 01:19:14,317
and start eating much more meat.

997
01:19:15,751 --> 01:19:19,355
Type 2 diabetes used to be
called adult onset diabetes

998
01:19:19,388 --> 01:19:20,790
and we had to change that name

999
01:19:20,824 --> 01:19:22,859
when it started
showing up in children,

1000
01:19:22,892 --> 01:19:24,760
but in 1980, you could not find

1001
01:19:24,794 --> 01:19:27,396
a case of this
disease in children.

1002
01:19:27,430 --> 01:19:31,234
People who eat heavily
plant-based diets

1003
01:19:31,267 --> 01:19:34,703
have lower rates of obesity,
lower rates of type 2 diabetes,

1004
01:19:34,737 --> 01:19:36,572
lower rates of cancer.

1005
01:19:38,007 --> 01:19:40,509
- [Voiceover] In a five year
study of diet and health,

1006
01:19:40,543 --> 01:19:42,812
scientist found that
a mediterranean diet

1007
01:19:42,846 --> 01:19:46,315
that reduces consumption of
red meat and processed foods

1008
01:19:46,349 --> 01:19:48,751
reduced strokes, heart attacks,

1009
01:19:48,784 --> 01:19:52,288
and deaths from
heart disease by 30%.

1010
01:19:55,892 --> 01:19:57,636
- [Voiceover] How much
longer does someone live

1011
01:19:57,660 --> 01:19:59,662
if they had a plant-based diet?

1012
01:19:59,695 --> 01:20:02,065
- They might get as much
as a decade of life.

1013
01:20:02,098 --> 01:20:06,202
However, it's not just how
many years you'll live,

1014
01:20:06,235 --> 01:20:07,312
it's the fact that
you're gonna live

1015
01:20:07,336 --> 01:20:09,338
in a more healthful way.

1016
01:20:10,773 --> 01:20:13,409
- [Voiceover] Industrial
crops and industrial meat

1017
01:20:13,442 --> 01:20:15,912
also use vast
amounts of hormones,

1018
01:20:15,945 --> 01:20:18,281
pesticides, and antibiotics.

1019
01:20:19,515 --> 01:20:21,150
These chemicals cause disease

1020
01:20:21,184 --> 01:20:24,187
and antibiotic
resistance in humans.

1021
01:20:25,588 --> 01:20:27,891
- 80% of the antibiotics
that are produced in America

1022
01:20:27,924 --> 01:20:30,093
go not to human beings,

1023
01:20:30,126 --> 01:20:31,660
they're going to farms,

1024
01:20:31,694 --> 01:20:35,899
and it's destroying a
critical medical tool.

1025
01:20:35,932 --> 01:20:37,733
- [Voiceover] Reducing
meat consumption

1026
01:20:37,766 --> 01:20:39,735
would also allow us to reforest

1027
01:20:39,768 --> 01:20:42,105
millions of acres
around the world

1028
01:20:42,138 --> 01:20:46,742
that are now being used
to raise and feed animals.

1029
01:20:46,775 --> 01:20:47,887
- [Voiceover] The
good news is that

1030
01:20:47,911 --> 01:20:49,979
there's a way out of this.

1031
01:20:50,013 --> 01:20:52,982
We start sucking carbon
dioxide out of the atmosphere

1032
01:20:53,016 --> 01:20:56,352
as degraded lands return forest,

1033
01:20:56,385 --> 01:21:00,289
it's hard to hold these
forest back, it's huge.

1034
01:21:02,291 --> 01:21:04,360
- Food in our culture are
big part of the problem,

1035
01:21:04,393 --> 01:21:07,396
but have the potential to be
a big part of the solution.

1036
01:21:10,166 --> 01:21:12,135
- [Voiceover] Farmers
all over the world

1037
01:21:12,168 --> 01:21:15,304
are developing healthier
ways of growing crops

1038
01:21:15,338 --> 01:21:17,173
that store carbon in the soil

1039
01:21:17,206 --> 01:21:19,875
and help reverse climate change.

1040
01:21:21,710 --> 01:21:23,479
- We try to design
the farm where

1041
01:21:23,512 --> 01:21:26,282
instead of making one
large field of one thing,

1042
01:21:26,315 --> 01:21:29,452
we've tried to make it kind
of an interesting ecology,

1043
01:21:29,485 --> 01:21:33,389
something that has
smaller fields, flowers.

1044
01:21:33,422 --> 01:21:36,292
We have a succession of
crops that are coming in.

1045
01:21:36,325 --> 01:21:38,294
They're picking squash
out here and cucumbers

1046
01:21:38,327 --> 01:21:41,998
and there's gonna be
pumpkins in the back there.

1047
01:21:42,031 --> 01:21:43,566
For our crew, about 50 of them

1048
01:21:43,599 --> 01:21:45,634
have full-time employment here.

1049
01:21:45,668 --> 01:21:48,671
We have to make a place where
they can have secure lives,

1050
01:21:48,704 --> 01:21:49,905
so the kids can go to school,

1051
01:21:49,939 --> 01:21:51,274
and they can think
about college,

1052
01:21:51,307 --> 01:21:53,185
they don't have to think
about moving some place

1053
01:21:53,209 --> 01:21:55,111
to get to the next job.

1054
01:21:56,279 --> 01:21:58,948
And they're growing old with us.

1055
01:22:02,851 --> 01:22:06,289
Crops will have insects
that can become a problem,

1056
01:22:06,322 --> 01:22:10,559
but there's a whole army
of beneficial insects,

1057
01:22:10,593 --> 01:22:12,361
natural enemies to those,

1058
01:22:12,395 --> 01:22:15,698
and suddenly you have insect
control right in your field.

1059
01:22:15,731 --> 01:22:18,334
They're doing work
that might otherwise be

1060
01:22:18,367 --> 01:22:22,738
something you pay attention
to with a pesticide.

1061
01:22:22,771 --> 01:22:26,409
In the end, we have plants that
are really vibrant, healthy,

1062
01:22:26,442 --> 01:22:30,313
and they resist diseases,
and the resist insect attacks

1063
01:22:30,346 --> 01:22:32,448
when they're healthy.

1064
01:22:32,481 --> 01:22:34,150
- We used to think it took eons

1065
01:22:34,183 --> 01:22:38,021
to build an inch or two inches
of topsoil, but in fact,

1066
01:22:38,054 --> 01:22:39,755
we have, I mean, I can
point you to farmers

1067
01:22:39,788 --> 01:22:43,126
who in their lifetime have
built several inches of topsoil

1068
01:22:43,159 --> 01:22:44,460
where it didn't exist before,

1069
01:22:44,493 --> 01:22:46,829
and that soil is,
of course, carbon,

1070
01:22:46,862 --> 01:22:48,797
carbon taken out of the air.

1071
01:22:48,831 --> 01:22:52,301
- So, we're building
carbon, we're building

1072
01:22:52,335 --> 01:22:53,836
organic matter in our ground,

1073
01:22:53,869 --> 01:22:57,873
and still we're growing
beautiful, economic crops.

1074
01:22:59,242 --> 01:23:00,843
This is really basic stuff,

1075
01:23:00,876 --> 01:23:03,879
but it is the piece
that will unlock

1076
01:23:04,947 --> 01:23:07,583
the ideas of how
agriculture does better

1077
01:23:07,616 --> 01:23:10,053
in terms of climate
change and soil life

1078
01:23:10,086 --> 01:23:13,922
and healthier plants and
healthier production.

1079
01:23:18,661 --> 01:23:20,796
- [Voiceover] It's time
to celebrate innovation

1080
01:23:20,829 --> 01:23:22,231
that is big scale

1081
01:23:22,265 --> 01:23:25,768
and could bubble up
into a global solution.

1082
01:23:25,801 --> 01:23:28,471
California is right at the helm.

1083
01:23:33,542 --> 01:23:38,514
- There's a sensitivity to
the natural environment.

1084
01:23:38,547 --> 01:23:42,251
It's in the air I breathe,
the people I meet.

1085
01:23:42,285 --> 01:23:45,354
- [Voiceover] In 2006,
California enacted

1086
01:23:45,388 --> 01:23:50,259
comprehensive legislation
to address climate change.

1087
01:23:50,293 --> 01:23:52,561
- There was a
political coalition

1088
01:23:52,595 --> 01:23:55,898
between environmentalist who
cared about climate change,

1089
01:23:55,931 --> 01:23:57,833
people who were
concerned with health,

1090
01:23:57,866 --> 01:24:01,237
and fiscal conservatives who
were just looking for a way

1091
01:24:01,270 --> 01:24:03,672
to save money for the cities.

1092
01:24:05,141 --> 01:24:08,411
- [Voiceover]
California requires that
electrical generation

1093
01:24:08,444 --> 01:24:10,913
be derived from
renewable sources

1094
01:24:10,946 --> 01:24:13,216
for one-third of the supply

1095
01:24:14,383 --> 01:24:16,552
and that's gonna be
achieved by 2020.

1096
01:24:16,585 --> 01:24:20,756
In 2014, California is
already better than 22%.

1097
01:24:22,158 --> 01:24:26,028
- 33% is already looking
like a floor not a ceiling.

1098
01:24:31,900 --> 01:24:36,071
We have not had any power
plants burning coal for years.

1099
01:24:38,374 --> 01:24:40,776
- [Voiceover]
Carbon has a price.

1100
01:24:40,809 --> 01:24:44,680
Those who pollute
have to buy credits

1101
01:24:44,713 --> 01:24:47,450
and those credits
then generate funds

1102
01:24:47,483 --> 01:24:51,187
to invest in
sustainable practices.

1103
01:24:51,220 --> 01:24:52,988
- [Voiceover] By
2020, we need to have

1104
01:24:53,021 --> 01:24:55,391
a million solar rooftops

1105
01:24:55,424 --> 01:24:59,428
and we need to have a million
electric vehicles on the road.

1106
01:24:59,462 --> 01:25:01,005
- [Voiceover] We have
the most intelligent

1107
01:25:01,029 --> 01:25:03,732
building standards that
make our buildings,

1108
01:25:03,766 --> 01:25:07,035
residential and
commercial, more efficient.

1109
01:25:07,069 --> 01:25:10,273
- The cleanest and
cheapest of all energy

1110
01:25:10,306 --> 01:25:13,176
is the energy that
you don't have to use.

1111
01:25:13,209 --> 01:25:14,953
- [Voiceover] Every office
building had low ceilings

1112
01:25:14,977 --> 01:25:18,447
and a lot of fluorescent
lights and black glass,

1113
01:25:18,481 --> 01:25:20,359
majority of the energy being
used in these buildings

1114
01:25:20,383 --> 01:25:24,052
was artificial light,
but it was daytime,

1115
01:25:24,086 --> 01:25:27,556
and all it took was
to make tall ceilings,

1116
01:25:27,590 --> 01:25:29,425
natural glass windows,

1117
01:25:30,626 --> 01:25:33,296
and you don't have to
use artificial light.

1118
01:25:33,329 --> 01:25:34,597
When we saw things that way,

1119
01:25:34,630 --> 01:25:38,201
we also made better
human environments.

1120
01:25:38,234 --> 01:25:40,403
- California had a requirement

1121
01:25:40,436 --> 01:25:43,639
that the auto companies
begin producing cars

1122
01:25:43,672 --> 01:25:46,275
that would reduce
greenhouse gas emissions

1123
01:25:46,309 --> 01:25:49,578
and after litigating
with the auto companies

1124
01:25:49,612 --> 01:25:51,547
and taking our case all the way

1125
01:25:51,580 --> 01:25:54,016
to the supreme court, we won.

1126
01:25:54,883 --> 01:25:57,186
As a result of this legislation,

1127
01:25:57,220 --> 01:25:59,455
there's a whole
series of changes

1128
01:25:59,488 --> 01:26:02,425
in the way cars are being built.

1129
01:26:02,458 --> 01:26:05,728
- What is required is
an integrated effort

1130
01:26:05,761 --> 01:26:08,231
in electricity generation,

1131
01:26:08,264 --> 01:26:10,599
transportation of
people and goods,

1132
01:26:10,633 --> 01:26:14,837
land use, the way food is grown,
the way forest are managed,

1133
01:26:16,439 --> 01:26:19,575
the whole way of life
has to be sensitive

1134
01:26:19,608 --> 01:26:21,844
to the requirements of nature.

1135
01:26:21,877 --> 01:26:24,247
- First, people deny that
they're part of the problem,

1136
01:26:24,280 --> 01:26:25,948
then they deny that
there's a solution,

1137
01:26:25,981 --> 01:26:28,217
then they tell you that
if there is a solution,

1138
01:26:28,251 --> 01:26:29,685
it's too expensive,

1139
01:26:29,718 --> 01:26:34,122
the growth in our economy,
we believe, is tied to

1140
01:26:34,156 --> 01:26:37,926
our ability to innovate, to
use energy more efficiently,

1141
01:26:37,960 --> 01:26:39,928
to create products
that other people

1142
01:26:39,962 --> 01:26:42,298
around the world are
gonna want to use.

1143
01:26:42,331 --> 01:26:45,868
- There's a lot California
can do and is doing,

1144
01:26:45,901 --> 01:26:50,539
but it has no impact
unless others join with us,

1145
01:26:50,573 --> 01:26:52,641
sooner rather than later.

1146
01:26:57,280 --> 01:27:00,048
(hopeful melody)

1147
01:27:14,797 --> 01:27:18,701
- [Voiceover] This is a
unique human challenge.

1148
01:27:22,137 --> 01:27:26,141
It cannot be solved by
one country or one state.

1149
01:27:33,916 --> 01:27:35,560
- [Voiceover] Every day
we are making the world

1150
01:27:35,584 --> 01:27:38,687
more dangerous than
it was yesterday.

1151
01:27:44,192 --> 01:27:46,161
We have to reverse that system

1152
01:27:46,194 --> 01:27:50,265
to come to a place where
every day can be safer planet

1153
01:27:50,299 --> 01:27:52,134
than it was yesterday.

1154
01:27:57,973 --> 01:28:00,042
Life is about creativity.

1155
01:28:03,912 --> 01:28:07,182
What kind of planet
you want to create?

1156
01:29:17,119 --> 01:29:21,223
- [Voiceover] In the end, I
go back to this story where

1157
01:29:21,256 --> 01:29:24,827
there's an older person
who owns an estate.

1158
01:29:28,597 --> 01:29:31,767
And he says, "I want
to plant a tree."

1159
01:29:34,102 --> 01:29:37,272
And the gardener says, "Well.

1160
01:29:37,305 --> 01:29:40,543
"You don't understand it's
gonna take a generation

1161
01:29:40,576 --> 01:29:43,011
"for this tree to mature,

1162
01:29:43,045 --> 01:29:44,713
"you won't be here."

1163
01:29:46,549 --> 01:29:47,550
And he said,

1164
01:29:48,984 --> 01:29:52,921
"In that case, there's no
time to lose, is there?"

1165
01:30:05,834 --> 01:30:09,237
- [Voiceover] We can
stop climate change.

1166
01:30:15,611 --> 01:30:18,847
(inspirational music)