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I am always interested in the wonders of the ocean.
It feels like time is slowing down.
Most people look into space in wonder. 5d 00: 02: 19,597 -> 00: 02: 24,060 However, we have an almost foreign world on our own planet...
Which is full of life.
But that's the world most people never explore.
Richard Vevers is documenting ocean of coral reefs
in the same way Google maps the streets.
... take a nap with 360 degree images
Every three seconds.
This is the 21st country that we have completed as part of a global survey on coral reefs.
Hidden beneath the surface of world oceans,
spectacular coral gardens.
Coral reefs are places where the seafood we eat starts its life.
Coral reefs are a source of food and income for more than 500 million people.
It's really about trying to communicate with science,
as much as doing the science itself.
To invite people on the way.
... extraordinary journey under the sea,
can be the closest of our arrival
to see exotic underwater sites.
Give someone a chance with internet access to dive virtually
on many survey sites.
I used to be an advertising man.
I spent ten years in the field of advertising,
works in some of the top London agents.
Over time, you realize You have experienced this conversation...
toilet rolls, and this is a heated debate.
And it's about selling four-layer toilet paper
not three-tier.
And you go...
"I'm sure there's something better that I can do with my life."
I've been diving since I was 16 years old.
I used to go looking for this thin sea dragon,
this amazing animal.
It's like a sea horse, but this dragon has a length of about one foot...
most people don't know where they are.
But then, one year, they all disappear
of all my favorite sites.
You know, this is one of my favorite creatures in the world.
And you go, "Okay, if that happens to one of my favorite creatures,
What else will happen? ",
And that's when I realize
one of the biggest problems of the ocean is
Really invisible and out of mind,
and that, essentially, there are advertising problems.
You know, when you look at our planet, the unique known in the universe
because we have oceans that is the source of life.
And the oceans control everything. Controlling climate.
Controlling the oxygen we breathe.
Without a healthy ocean, we don't have a healthy planet.
How do you communicate this problem?
This project is called XL Catlin Seaview Survey.
What we want to do is express the ocean to the whole world.
People are involved with images,
they go for virtual dives,
but they don't understand that there is a problem.
So, we have to really return to the drawing board...
and I think that is a surprising realization
that we are only at the beginning of the trip.
Okay, this will be behind, on the back reef.
- So what year is this? - This is 1975.
- Yes - OK?
- Yes - The whole area is back here
- which is only thick with Acropora palmata. - Correct.
- Karang Elkhorn. - And how much is left?
0.1%.
Whoa.
Something like that. You will see.
- Yeah. - We will see.
So, you want to know what we are seeing.
These are all dead coral plains.
These are all dead elkhorn corals.
You can see all the frames in place, but there is no one alive.
So, this is what looks like in 1971.
This is all covered with with live rocks.
This is very typical.
Very - very typical Florida.
And 50 years ago, that didn't happen,
30 years ago, that didn't happen.
All of that, missing
Phil told me that we had lost 80 to 90% of the coral in Florida.
I did not expect that these issues were very rapid.
- I think maybe this one. - Yes.
- Morning. I'm Richard. - Jim Porter. Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you
Thank you very much for coming here.
So, everything I show here...
um, from 1976.
- This is Discovery Bay, Jamaica. - Yep.
And that's how it looks.
- And what looks like this now. - Correct.
This survey is silent without results.
Only small pieces, but not the whole story.
The picture is designed for scientific purposes.
This doesn't catch you instantly without explanation.
This is the loss we have.
- This is the way. - Yes.
I started to love my career in a place...
and those places have been reduced.
Seeing the missing is very powerful.
Many scientists I've met really depressed
regarding this problem.
Even though I have ten years of experience in advertising,
When you believe any problem can be overcome
in a short time with the funny thing.
You have to do a little creative thinking.
- That's great. Fun. thanks. -Thank you.
Excuse me. Do you know where Ruth is? Ruth Gates?
Um, and class here. All the screens go up.
We will enter and look around.
Oh wow.
- Wow. - Is it cool?
Extraordinary.
Wow.
- Okay, um... - Hahaha
This is the fact that he is moving.
- Isn't that amazing? - Yeah.
Twenty-five years I have worked on rock,
I can look under the microscope and go, "Bloody hell"?
- I know, that's... - Hahaha
My understanding is an animal, this is an animal.
- Yeah. - Are they the same animals?
- They are. - But, um...
I know they are identical animals...
- Yeah. -... but are they the same?
- They are. - So, they...
- They are one animal. I. - Yep.
This is one animal.
Okay, but they are not considered...
I think polyps are animals...
not, corals are animals with lots of polyps.
- Does that make sense? - Corals are animals with lots of polyps.
But polyps aren't animals?
Yes... polyps are part of animals.
Right. Because this is No one has ever explained...
- What is coral? - Your admiration is,
why don't you know that?
- Why don't I know that? - I'm stunned.
- And that is... - You're a smart person.
What's wrong with you? Ha ha ha.
I'm really overwhelmed sometimes, under water, rocked.
Because I don't believe that this structure
is like created by this simple organism,
or "seemingly" simple organisms.
I really respect the rock, because I think they have made us all deceived.
Simplicity outside does not mean simplicity inside.
We think we really evolve because we are very complex creatures.
We can do many things. We have the opposite thumb.
But the rocks... they have decided, "Forget external complexity.
Let it be truly sophisticated in a calm way."
Individual corals are actually made
of thousands of small structures called polyps.
Every polyp is a circular mouth...
which is surrounded by tentacles...
and they can join into millions of them
crossing one animal.
They have it, in their tissues, small plants,
this microalgae...
one million per centimeter squared.
Plants that live in it photosynthesis,
and animals use it for their food.
They basically have food factories that live inside themselves.
So, when animals grow,
What you see is that the animal grows above the skeleton
and save the frame below it.
They photosynthesize during the day.
At night...
plants really fall asleep and the animal becomes active.
They expand their polyps.
tentacles come out.
And now whatever swim will be caught
by these stinging cells which are at the end of the tentacles.
There are many different species from rocks,
and various types of rocks have different shapes.
Some are very boring to see. They look like boulders at the bottom.
Some are very beautiful to see.
They have large and large branching patterns, or large plates.
Some of them look like flower petals.
This is a basic species.
They have all the other organisms that depend on it.
They are reasons why we have coral reefs.
A consortium of organisms that work together...
which now manifests in this massive structure
it can be seen from space.
There are famous coral reefs in American Samoa called Airport Reef.
We heard that there was an area where the coral turned white.
Because we have previously conducted surveys...
we want to go back and take the same picture again.
I was really surprised with what I saw.
The coral is white as far as the eye can see.
To be honest, I don't know to know how to process it.
Is this dead?
Is that alive?
This is... Airport Reef.
Previously. So, this is in December.
And that's now.
When Richard sees the white coral,
that is a turning point for him.
I think I confess to him that I think this is far more deadly
of several other things who are facing coral reefs.
So what have we seen since the early 1980s
when this first happened,
we really have lost a very large number of rocks,
only because of this phenomenon.
I think it's the first time that he saw the magnitude of this problem.
That this is a threat across the planet towards coral reefs,
which will happen very fast and cause a lot of damage.
Back in the 80s, we began to see this strange phenomenon.
Mostly coral reefs turn white,
literally for several weeks.
And no one really knows why this happened.
As we did in more experiments,
it turns out it's not a disease,
not too much light.
And the only thing you can do in an experiment
that causes coral to turn white
raise the temperature by two degrees Celsius.
At the end of my PhD,
we are careful to say the words in the literature that says:
"Okay, you know, Maybe this is global warming,
and this is one of the initial impacts on coral reefs. "
We see climate change as if it is a problem in the air.
And you are heading, " One or two degrees Celsius?
Is that really important? "
But when you talk about the ocean...
This is like changing your body temperature.
And imagine your body temperature rising one degree Celsius
or two degrees Celsius .
Over a period of time, will be fatal.
And that is the seriousness of the issue when you see it in terms of the ocean.
Corals that bleach themselves are stress responses,
like fever in humans is a stress response.
If the temperature spikes are only slightly above their normal range...
corals will begin to turn white.
Small plants that live on their tissues,
their ability to photosynthesize and feed disturbed livestock.
Animals basically feel that:
"I have something inside me that doesn't do what I expect,"
and as happened to us, with
When we get bacteria,
we try to get rid of it as soon as possible.
That's what these animals do.
They try to get rid of plants that no longer function...
and leave the network transparent, naked.
They have lost the most important food source they have.
So, they start starving.
When the coral turns white,
the meat becomes clear.
And what you see is the frame below it.
So, the bright white that you see in the picture...
is just a framework everywhere.
If it looks very clean white about coral...
it will still live.
They don't let anything else grow on it.
They don't usually grow. They will usually not reproduce.
Possibility to die.
You will see this downy microalgae.
The entire surface suddenly becomes a lot, is far less clear to see.
That is an indication that the coral has died.
Oh Can you, uh, mark that one?
Coral bleaching is very difficult to connect.
You see a picture of a beautiful white reef.
Is that a good or bad thing?
So, we need to communicate it in a different way.
I fly with a plane, and I watch a movie, Chasing Ice.
The film is about documentation missing glacier.
And suddenly I realized that our project was almost the same.
So, it's pretty much as soon as I get off the plane,
I contacted the director.
The camera records every hour,
but we only show each, you know, a week or two...
Richard sent an e-mail, suddenly, and he posted two photos,
one of the healthy coral reefs and one of the dead coral reefs.
And when I see the photos, the light bulb immediately lights up.
This is like, if you can document the changes,
You can disclose this to the public in a powerful way.
We know from the beginning there is something that we want to be involved.
These images are selected...
We started talking early enough about as to whether the time between cameras can be seen.
But we lost this one.
We need a wiper system or something that will keep the glass clean.
When Richard and the team want to do a time interval in the water,
they approach us to design something.
So, this one is, uh... a little dirty.
We designed a magnetic arm
which attracts windshield wipers around this glass dome
and stay clean for long periods of time.
When you first meet them, their deadline doesn't seem to make sense.
No one does anything that approaches this.
We have all related problems because it deals with time lapse,
camera, but we also have so many things unknown.
If you have a camera system
that you need to be submerged in salt water for months ending...
who are subject to major storms and hurricanes...
at depth, with all the tremendous pressure
billions of gallons water pressing down,
it's very, very difficult.
If we are tethered to the or Raspberry Pi and SSH hunter boards,
I need at least 12 volts. Maybe get away with 11.
Then we can use 12 to 5 to hunt.
- Let's say 300 milliamps. - Okay.
Twelve minutes a day.
- Seven-two-point watt-hours. - Yeah.
- Okay. - Cool.
Good, I think this will be very easy.
They are 3D printing parts,
they build custom circuit boards, they are building special wireless hotspots.
This is really complicated.
People on a cordless ship are connected to a computer in a case
which is connected to the umbilicus cable
who goes down to the router in the underwater housing
that communicates wirelessly to the camera.
When it's finished, you just revoke it.
This, so far, is the most complicated thing I have seen View Into the Blue.
At that time, Jeff and Richard didn't know that I was a coral nerdy.
Secretly, I've been sitting in my office, really triggered it
that I am in the same room because this coral project is happening,
and we help support it.
Because I want more than anything to do something on the rock.
This is Lobophyllia.
This is Oxypora or a type of filia.
Montastrea, Favites, Favia, Platygyra.
That might not be Platygyra...
I am involved in the aquarium industry at a fairly young age.
Grows in the mountains and in Colorado
really makes my obsession with the sea a little worse.
Look, on this reef, there are many lives,
but then there are many, like, deaths here, so this is just a framework.
So, it can be because it's too close
for Euphyllia, maybe, they fight with each other,
and this one stings to die there.
He only loves coral.
Even reaching the point where he has coral reefs in his house
without fish in it.
And no one has a coral reef tank without fish in it.
The beauty of corals or why I enjoy coral more than fish
is because if the coral dies, it's your fault.
As long as you don't mess it up like your tank collision
or kill the coral, then they will all continue to live.
They are only eternal machines.
They don't really have life expectancy, approximately.
They just continue
as long as their environment allows them.
It's the same as jellyfish too.
Jellyfish technically live forever, but they are only eaten by many things
that it doesn't just happen.
For me, the most interesting thing in nature is symbiosis.
Two separate organisms that have adapted to one another,
and now mutually beneficial to each other.
They work together, and...
The first thing that comes to my mind are anemones and clownfish.
Anemone provides protection for clownfish,
and clownfish usually provide for anemones.
This is a mutually beneficial relationship.
In the case of coral, this is deeper than that.
The symbion itself is incorporated in the organism.
Corals will not exist without these tiny tiny plant cells.
They are very dependent on each other, and you don't have it without the others.
The relationship between the two is...
the most interesting thing in the world for me.
TZ17
Does the color change quite uniformly,
- or are they doing it? - Do not know.
- Don't know. - Do not know.
- Pocilloporas can go overnight right? - Never been recorded in the wild before.
That's what really thrills me about what is happening here
that this will be the first time we can really ask him
- and answer the question. - Yeah.
But Pocilloporas can go overnight, right?
Yes, many Pocilloporas are gone.
- Perfectly deleted. - already installed
But Montipora is an important coral reef manufacture.
Montipora and Porites compressa, yes, both.
And Lutea, the big one you see. So...
And what happens to in Porites tissue thickness?
So, they can go down half a centimeter.
Is it not...? Do the fertilized gametes carry them...?
Yes, because most of them In Hawaii, we have very high proportions
coral species that...
We know this will be very difficult,
predict where to put the camera.
We think, "We just need to do this wherever bleaching takes place."
- Good morning, Mark. - Good afternoon, Richard.
This is, uh... rather sleepy.
Yes. And I've read your e-mail,
which one, do you know, about El Niño starting earlier this year.
Mark Eakin gives us the tool to understand
where do we go
What we see is...
I work at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or NOAA.
We use satellites to see sea surface temperatures
which causes coral bleaching.
One thing the temperature has shown us, without question,
is the ocean has heated up.
The temperature in the sea passes through the normal cycle.
If the temperature remains constant,
then all the ups and downs will be around the average temperature.
But now we have reached the point that we have changed the average.
Your warm temperature continues to be warm and warmer and warmer.
The first widespread bleaching event occurred in the early 1980s.
97, 98, this is the first global scale mass bleaching.
Many corals bleach, many corals die.
2010, only 12 years later,
We see the second global scale mass playback.
Now, only five years later...
We have the potential of a third global scale mass event.
Basically, at this point, about two thirds
of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands see the rate of warming
where you usually see bleaching.
High stress levels...
I'm doing mapping in Hawaii,
and you can see here, it is 4.7 degrees hotter
than it should be at this time of year.
And you see several other hotspots around the world,
it is 11.3 degrees, five degrees hotter,
8.2 degrees hotter than usual.
There are large heat waves _ that are circling the planet,
and it kills coral wherever it goes.
This is a small window of opportunity that we have today to be able to capture this bleaching event and communicate it on a large scale.
There is no input here at this time.
Usually, we will do extensive field testing with this camera,
Given how complicated they are,
but they only need put in water.
Good, we have lots of bags.
I'm not sure how happy people are in the air.
One-oh-one.
It's quite waterproof through the exterior.
So, guess what we are doing now.
We cut plastic from underwater solar panels.
If not, we can't take it on the plane.
Listen. Hear.
Ninety-nine point five.
- Is that good?
So, based on the data we get from NOAA,
we decided to put the camera in in Hawaii, Bermuda and the Bahamas.
We will go down, we will do scouts, we will find lots of places,
we will mark GPS coordinates.
Right at that corner.
This is completely different from other scuba dives I've done.
And other scuba diving are usually done.
This is underwater construction.
You work in an environment that humans are not built for him.
You also can't communicate with your team,
other than sign language,
and we are not good at it.
So, the camera is installed watered with this. This plate.
We can adjust the height and adjust this angle.
You are in zero gravity.
So, if you try to put something in the ground,
You don't have it. You float, you float.
Is that thunder? That is a weather warning.
- I heard a clattering sound. - That's good - Yeah.
Is it static?
- I hope it's not lightning - Oh, my God. That is lightning.
- Do you hear it? - Yes, I heard it on my microphone.
I thought, maybe you should turn off the camera. I do not know.
Can we lower the metal?
I better not want to touch it.
Because this vacuum glass dome is closed,
we can't really replace settings inside the camera.
So, they put this wire into a box on the ship on the surface.
You have a cable installed to a stationary device under water
and already installed into very smooth equipment.
Boom, we enter.
Now let's see if this will react today.
And you can sit there on the boat with a tablet
and you can adjust the settings
and you can see what the camera is doing under water.
Um, look at this cable. Are we...?
Can you move us closer?
I'm just nervous
The looseness is getting tighter!
Hold.
Give it to me.
The wind only brings us. A hard anchor doesn't last long.
We just drift.
Bummer.
Flood?
That will decrease the cable, too.
Something...
OK, so, let's see.
So, basically you have a few millimeters water there.
Maybe is poured on an electrical connection,
- Blows a 12 volt fuse. You will be fine. - Blow 12 volts.
This is what looks like right now.
We have torn it to access it and try to clean it.
Jiminy Cricket, look at the mess. Good.
We will be fine.
Basically I want you to take 12 volts directly from the battery...
Okay, let's try this again.
OK. This is everything.
Do we have a new message?
Oh! Hahaha...
We are okay. Oh
Ah! We are connected.
It does look like a killer. Look at that!
That's brilliant, man.
I have a file on my computer.
Whoo!
- Okay, we're done. - What?
- We are finished. - We're done.
Yeah. Hahaha...
Oh, I'm very happy now.
This is amazing.
After that, nothing can be done except to wait.
When I was little, I always had a sweet side to taxonomy...
really I don't know how to put my finger on it.
I always want to know what it is, and I want to know the scientific name.
So, I fell in love with the arrest of all these little creatures and return and have many guides
to help me find out what I am.
So, when I get into the reef,
there are only a few resources from one person.
This person, Charlie Veron.
Every time I see something, he is there.
There are about 340 coral species on the Great Barrier Reef.
There is something new there about 6 meters high.
For all intents and purposes, he is the "father" of coral reef science.
He was the first person who really came down and started cataloging corals,
and I hope to be that person, but I was born a little late.
Here we have thousands of species all who mingle with
in a complex way.
Coral, unlike other forms life on Earth, except humans,
has the capacity to build its own environment,
Creating their own habitat.
Think of a city.
Corals are experts in creating high increase.
They basically create this extraordinary dimension,
this three-dimensional framework.
A more complex structure,
More and more biodiversity can live there.
In a healthy coral reef system,
all landscapes are covered with with coral.
They compete for places with each other,
they grow above and below.
Look at the Great Barrier Reef,
Really sea Manhattan.
This very diverse and complex city.
And like in a city, the fish lives in a very specific place.
This is somewhat similar to the surrounding environment.
You go back to the environment and you see the same person.
The same fish live in the same part of the reef
week after week.
They live there most of their lives.
In the morning and evening, You have traffic on the coral reef.
You have fish that likes, spend the night on coral reefs,
then they go to eat and all swim together.
So, they are busy places.
When the sun begins to rise, You really have the morning chorus,
is similar to what we get when we hear birds
wake up in the forest at sunrise.
When you listen carefully, You hear snoring things.
You hear nagging and groans from so many different animals.
It's not a quiet world at all.
This is actually quite noisy.
Each fish, each animal, has its own job, and it is the same as itself.
There are fish that are farmed.
They actually plant a little plant or algae.
And they will choose a piece of algae and plant it, and take care of that area.
There are crabs and lobsters...
and small shrimp that will do things like maintaining coral.
There is a strange partnership,
like moray eels, who will hunt with reef fish.
Fish that are completely different, but they work together
to hunt across coral reefs, and they share food.
One of the things that pays attention to is the kind of voice that clings.
And this is parrotfish.
These are fish that have beaks.
They really eat coral. They curl up on the reef.
When the coral passes through parrotfish,
it comes out as sand.
So, in fact, every single beach,
You basically walk in parrot shit.
Coral reefs are very important for oceans,
because basically they are nurseries.
And they say something like 25% of all marine life depends on coral reefs.
We have half a billion to one billion people
who rely on coral reefs as their main food source.
Without that protein, they will be malnourished.
Their culture, their way of life,
their economy all depend on healthy coral reefs.
And many new drugs come to help humans
coming from the sea.
There are drugs called prostaglandins which come from sea fans,
and it's against cancer.
There is one more called bryostatin which comes from coral rhizomes,
and also fight cancer too.
There are many things that we don't know yet who can help the community,
through new chemistry that we find in coral reef organisms.
Coral reefs produce breakwaters
It protects us from large waves, from cyclones.
They are better than the ones we can produce,
because they grow and rebuild it at any time.
Coral is the real basis of the ecosystem.
You cannot have a city without buildings.
And you can't have coral reefs without coral.
So, we returned to the Bahamas
to take the Camera Number 1 after the time.
We will keep our promises and hope we have lots of recordings.
Hope that there at least one and a half months.
Bingo.
It's out of focus.
All of this is out of focus.
This is a big nuisance.
In focus... and then the first after that is out of focus.
And getting worse. Do you see it?
All of these recordings are out of focus.
And many are useless.
I hope they work elsewhere.
We are not focused here.
I think we're fine.
Damn.
So how bad is the picture?
Bad.
- Can not be used. - Can not be used.
- Yes - So, this is very soft.
Yep.
There are those that are softer and softer and softer.
I have never heard change manual focus from time to time.
Yes.
Hawaiian Bleaching.
Hawaii has the worst bleaching ever.
It's just that we don't succeed to catch it.
We put a lot of effort down the camera,
and we think we...
we have done everything right... and this is a huge blow.
More because we know hours are against us.
We don't know how long the bleaching event will take place.
I have seen at the last sea temperature value
for Australia.
It must be warmer than before long enough.
The coastal area will probably continue to warm.
Yes.
If you like bleaching...
- This is a good sign. - Yes.
Of course, means terrible things for coral reefs.
Lose, 30 seconds.
Zack and Trevor have gone and only fixed the problem.
- The pool that appears here... - We switch to a fixed lens,
and that allows us to get rid of all the problems of focus we have.
We have a better system.
I'm far more sure it will work.
Yes. Yes.
Awesome! Stingray.
I stand on one of two and a half thousand or more
large coral reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef Australia.
Very few people can realize that this is the biggest structure
that life has ever made on Earth.
This reef extends along Australia's tropical coastline,
the distance is more than 2,000 kilometers,
long all over the East Coast from the United States.
I always want to go to the Great Barrier Reef.
I want to see her beauty, and always want to get there.
That's the goal. Always a goal.
Dude, you will see GBR from the air.
That is actually a very interesting thing.
And it's really amazing think about how massive it is.
And that's all alive.
So, we sent two teams to the southern Great Barrier Reef.
We send Jeff and Zack to Keppel,
and we sent Andrew and the team to Heron.
Camera enters and is recording.
The most smooth that all of this has been lost.
Much smoother than Hawaii.
Then we wait.
Waiting for the warm water to come.
Biologists have said some corals are dying,
White, whiten, marks in the first stage of death.
You are talking... a similar event to the world's rainforests
turns white in a very short time.
Everyone will jump and pay attention,
wondering what is happening?
You might think, "Well, this is just a cycle of that we live."
Good morning. Coral bleaching in Hawaii has received a lot of attention.
- So that's... - This isn't a natural cycle.
These are phenomena that are directly linked to climate change,
and that is something that we just saw in the last few years.
One way to look back into the future with coral reefs
is to take coral cores, or slices through coral.
You can see the growth ring on the reef
in the same way as you see on the growth ring on a tree.
You can see a normal growth pattern.
This coral grows around
one centimeter and half a centimeter per year,
every year, until 1998,
where you start to see signatures from coral bleaching events.
By tracking back in time, by looking at the history of coral reefs,
we are really sure that what we see now
not natural fluctuations.
The cause is, explicitly, global climate change,
driven by emitting carbon into the atmosphere.
I think many people don't realize that climate change is happening
because most of the excess heat is trapped by greenhouse gases
has been moved to the ocean.
If you burn fossil fuels... it is burning oil, gas or coal...
Carbon dioxide rises into the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide has properties that it can trap heat.
So, the more you have in the atmosphere,
the greater the amount of heat trapped by the Earth.
This is a bit like putting an additional wool into your sweater.
What people don't know is that 93%
from trapped heat will enter the sea.
That's a lot of energy.
If the ocean doesn't do this job absorb heat,
the average surface temperature of this planet will be Fahrenheit.
There is a level of change that occurs in the tropical ocean,
which if projected forward...
that means coral reefs are possible victims
of any global climate change.
I published it in the review literature.
At that time, people are not ready for that,
and I have many colleagues who are facing me,
challenge me, attack me.
He was ridiculed for this, because of being an addict.
But over time he has been proven right, right and true again.
I like coral reefs. That is why I did this.
That is why I came here when I was 18 to this island
and start studying coral reefs.
Not because I think coral reefs will disappear
or I try to fight the problem called global climate change.
It's a pity that I can't see this
and still see its beauty. I see the problem.
This beautiful thing, this has been around for a long time...
threatened, in our lives and on our watch.
And however hard we try...
to make people listen, um...
It seems lost in the wind, you know?
Storm and the weather is really the current controlling factor.
Winds and storms keep rolling,
and we get cloud coverage,
we might not see the whole happening here at Keppel.
tropical cyclone Winston,
The strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere.
- A big threat to the future... - For the first time...
we feel we are in the right place at the right time.
And when Hurricane Winston happened, all of that changed.
This causes a lot of cold water and lots of rain
to come to the Southern Great Barrier Reef.
Part of me is happy that the corals won't turn white here.
Actually makes me happy
then think that they will make it through this event.
But at the same time, we have tried so hard to catch this.
We basically have difficult decisions to make
stick to our original plan, with less than ideal opportunities,
or we go to check some of the other parts of the Great Barrier Reef which becomes very warm.
All this goes north from New Caledonia
and below and even this split area is at Level 2.
It's just... there's no shortage of disasters for coral.
We know now that New Caledonia is white.
Lizard Island is white.
I think this is a simple decision in several ways.
We only have to take and move, and reset it at the new location.
The problem is a time-lapse camera.
It takes weeks to move the system, and we will skip bleaching.
We will look for something else.
I went to turn off my computer, and there was a message from Jeff,
says, "How fast can you pack?"
We will leave this camera system...
and do the interval training under water every day.
I think we, as a team, realize that there is no turning back.
We headed to Lizard Island,
and other parts of our team go to New Caledonia.
TZ17
This is the most amazing reef.
And the block is unloaded.
It's very hot.
Looks, it really feels like a bathtub.
Anyone ordering a large Cola?
Here we talk about coral reef bleaching
and global climate change...
and this is our other problem.
When we go to Lizard Island,
we don't have cameras at any time.
The idea is to take one tripod and one camera,
and get as many pictures as we can in many positions
of as many pieces of coral as we can, and repeat it every day.
Boarding at 9.15, go to your first site.
You will find your sign for a tripod,
put each foot at the correct height,
and then you have a reference point that can then attach a laser beam,
and then I have lamination from the first day's recording.
And then you will take two minutes of recording,
then you will choose everything again,
move to the next site, and do the same thing again.
And again and again.
And you do it basically 25 times a day.
Between Jeff and I, we have 60 sites.
The reason we build a time-lapse system doesn't seem to make sense
so that people camp on the beach in several locations
and must go down and do what the machine is designed to do.
Logistics, it's a nightmare.
Get it in the right position, and you're fighting the current,
so you bounce more and more around,
your knees bleed everywhere, your body is cut off, you are tired.
To the point where you spend four hours a day under water.
Strange things start happening.
I don't know if it's funny.
This, uh...
You do what you have to do.
We get reports that coral in New Caledonia
is doing something really strange.
Richard was there, he said, "This is the craziest thing I've ever seen.
I don't know what it is."
Locals don't know what that is.
We don't know what is happening.
I asked Richard to explain it.
He is like, "Don't know what you're saying. It's glowing."
This is different.
The coral... glows.
They produce chemical sunscreen to protect themselves from heat.
You can't even explain it.
They are the clearest colors I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful transformation in nature.
A very beautiful death stage.
And it feels as if...
Coral says:
"Look at me.
Please, pay attention."
We dive every day from floating restaurants.
It's kind of funny, the first day.
Like, the whole thought becomes much more sad.
A little surprise.
This is one of the rarest events in nature that is happening...
and everyone just doesn't realize that.
And you can't blame them for that. I mean, this... just...
almost typical of all humanity.
This is happening...
and no one is paying attention.
We designed something that was originally
to work on this project without emotion.
And when we start doing this manually on Lizard Island...
You have an emotional bond with him.
You are down there.
And sit there for a month,
and every day, watch something new around you die
that you saw yesterday...
it's just hard.
You forgot what was originally.
And a few days, when you come back,
and you sit there, see it now,
and that doesn't look real.
And you... This isn't even... You can't even accept it.
And then you open your eyes, and they are dead as far as you see.
These are algae and dead coral skeletons.
That is meat. This is a living network... which decomposes.
This is disgusting, really.
I think we will find bleaching.
I think we will catch it.
But I don't think I've ever prepared myself,
or think we will see this.
Look, I'm not even angry because I left, because it's so sad here.
When the coral turns white and dies...
You lose coral animals.
And that's embarrassing, because it's a beautiful thing.
But coral is... a fundamental part of a very large ecosystem.
That, on the one hand, is like a tree in the forest.
If coral reefs disappear, we affect life
a quarter of the ocean.
If a small fish disappears, the big fish is lost,
and then you can see human as one of the big fish.
It's easy to think about the fate of the individual species.
But what is a little more difficult to explain...
it is the beginning of from ecological collapse
of the whole ecosystem.
This is more than just a species, type, family, order.
We talk about possibilities that the whole class of organisms
will be extinct.
When scientists say they examine climate change
and coral reefs,
this is not about whether Climate change is happening or not.
This is really uncertainty
between knowing whether will be bad or really bad.
When we look at sea temperature, _ there are various projections
about how they will change into the future.
If you take an average, in about 25 years,
on the entire planet,
the ocean becomes too warm for coral reefs to survive.
That means they will whiten every year and they will not be healthy enough to recover.
Coral reefs will not be able to survive, they will not be able to adapt,
and we will see eradication of the entire ecosystem
in our lifetime.
That is a very grim statement.
But, unfortunately, that's true.
Everything on our planet is connected.
What we do is pull out cards called "coral reefs"
from this card house.
And the real fear is that we just need to take out the card
where everything will just collapse.
If we can't save this ecosystem...
Will we have the courage to save the next ecosystem?
Do we need forests?
Do we need trees?
Do we need coral reefs?
Or can we stay in the ashes of all that?
So, tell me where we are going.
We actually went to Charlie Veron's house.
Used to actually sit behind a desk for hours a day
use the Charlie Veron & coral list for ID matters.
Like... he is the boss.
He is the information I use every day
to learn everything I know about coral.
And now, I will go sit in his living room and interview him.
So, that is a pretty big step.
- Hello. - Hello.
- Charlie. - How are you? I'm Zack.
Nice to meet you.
When I'm studying studying evolutionary biology,
I really got a job in the aquarium.
So, for five years, I planted coral,
use all your work to teach myself as much taxonomy of coral
- I might be able to. - Oh okay.
So, I'm very nervous about that Come here, so...
I'm not the type of person who feels nervous.
No, not at all, but...
- Yes - I think I just want to hear
your perspective about the changes that you have seen from time to time.
Then that... is a completely different mindset,
because the coral is forever, there is no question about that.
- Yes - I even wondered
why do you want to make it a marine park.
It's very large, no one will touch Great Barrier Reef.
But that changes very quickly.
And this bleaching and lowering the Great Barrier
I have seen in my life...
that really bothers me.
Arriving at the Lizard, basically we have glowing coronas or bleached corals experiencing a transition to death, covered with algae.
You cover everything. Yes, the way to go.
Yes, terrible chaos, terrible, terrible.
Yes. That's actually quite difficult while we are up there.
I was frustrated several times where I just didn't want to be there again.
I don't want to watch it again.
I'm over. And...
I'm glad I'm not your age.
You know, I'm ready to get out
when the Great Barrier Reef is fired, because it has the most...
love things in the physical world of my life.
You know, I've been diving on it for 45 years.
And I'm damned if I will stop until I'm really senile.
I will keep going,
and as long as I can influence people, I do.
- Because we have to. - So true.
We have no choice. You have no choice, I'm afraid.
- You have to keep doing it. You have to - Yes, Yes.
If not, you won't like yourself when you are a parent.
You will think... You will like yourself far more...
if you can say, "Okay, I'm sure trying to change it.
And maybe I did affect people here and there and..."
Don't let anything stop you.
I have to get my glasses.
Losing Barrier Reef actually means something.
You can't let it die, and this becomes an old textbook.
This must... cause a decent change.
We lose the Great Barrier Reef which must wake the world.
We have a very interesting situation.
Over the next 30 years, we will deal with it Change the sea temperature and its condition.
And that's just a matter of fact, because we have five points...
I usually get to these things...
and you start to shake a bit.
I'm definitely a little nervous.
How many talks are too much talked about?
Does it get bad things in person?
Like, "This is one of the more difficult sites that I can visit again."
It's really good to show that it really affects you.
- Right. - That's very important Um, and good. Um...
- As long as you don't cry. - Yes.
Yes.
So, for the past two years,
we have collected a large number of bleaching images
from all over the world.
Now Zack will show some of that image.
So, if you want to bring it up, Zack.
We spent the last four months in Australia
and we document the ongoing bleaching event.
So, I want to show you what our team can document.
TZ17
In just two months,
We have lost most of the life of fish in these coral colonies.
Soft coral is destroyed.
Part per section of soft coral
which then only changes into a bare rock face.
I don't even think it's possible.
This is a large-scale death event.
29% of corals in the Great Barrier Reef itself have died.
To lose 29% of coral animals in one year,
it's just a chaotic thought, this bleaching event scale.
I think the most surprising part of is how broad it is.
Because it affects almost all coral reefs
from Lizard Island north through the Torres Strait.
And that's bad.
This is the same as losing most trees
between Washington, DC, and Maine.
Well, this is not only on the Great Barrier Reef.
This is a big global event.
There are a large number of places that are currently undergoing bleaching.
And that is why we need help.
We are looking for people who have access to local coral reefs to help take pictures what happened in your own backyard.
If you are a diver, please, join our efforts and connect...
Everyone comes with who sees our outgoing call.
At this point, we are on the verge of bleaching
and under warnings for bleaching.
Behind me, you can see we have a Akumal reef.
Basically, we have seen... one almost completely white.
Water temperature has increased, and the coral has turned white.
You talk about the Caribbean, two years in a row,
about Hawaii, two years in a row.
This past summer was terrible.
25 to 50% of corals have long since died.
We know the waters here start warming up in May 2015,
to around three degrees Celsius above normal.
Most Acropora, the most common coral branches, are dying.
The climate is still changing. Sea temperature increases.
El Niño this year has whitened what is left behind.
Coral reefs here have experienced major stresses,
- like other places around the world. - We are here in the Republic of Palau.
I'm in Cebu City, and...
Coral has turned white over the past month.
The coral is 75% bleaching, and about half of it is dead.
We now have a mass coral bleaching event that takes place here on Christmas Island.
... centigrade.
Many coral reefs around Sri Lanka very hard white.
Bleaching is happening now.
Coral shows very large bleaching marks,
and for that reason, we have a very large death rate.
We have found a branch...
Arcoporas Branch, Pocilloporas has begun to show signs of bleaching.
I have helped capture images coral bleaching on the Red Sea.
Bleaching has happened here, recently.
Uh, there is a bleaching event...
I cross with myself...
because I don't think I'm enough.
I don't make enough votes when I realize what's going on.
I don't do it enough.
Better than me.
Zack has the option to be part of the fight.
Maybe Zack will say, "Charlie...
he's just a grim parent,
and, uh... we can fix all this."
- Everything is good? - Yes.
How are you doing today?
- Good. - Are you happy?
Yes.
Let's go diving.
Dive!
I saw a fish.
- Look, look. - I saw a turtle.
- I saw a turtle.
In my mind, all children are born scientists.
They are born adventurers.
They want to explore.
If we can make children hold on to that curiosity,
then our planet will be a much better place.
I can see stingrays.
- What is that? - Turtles, fish, coral,
crabs, starfish Your name is all there, right?
We will take you on an expedition
to see the third global bleaching event.
I thought it was on the way that I was walking,
I have to be the most depressed person on this planet.
I see the ecosystem
that I have fallen in love...
die before my eyes.
Because of that, I'm actually not depressed.
And that is because there are big changes.
You see every part of the action of climate change,
and it's about improving people's lives.
Job creation, reducing pollution, _ greening the city.
This is basically a large transformation that has already begun.
It's not too late for coral reefs,
indeed, for many other ecosystems
who face challenges from climate change.
It is still possible to reduce where climate levels change.
And that is in our strength today.
This can all be achieved.
It's not like we don't have money, It's not like we don't have resources.
It's not like we don't have a brain.
This is inevitable, this great transformation,
and that's what makes me be optimistic is...
all we have to do is to give a little encouragement.
KARAWANG, AUGUST 15, 2017 TZ17
♪ I was born, I was born ♪
♪ I have crawled Until I learn to walk ♪
♪ When I meet you, I'm still very young ♪
♪ I don't know that it can fall apart ♪
♪ Tell me what I have to do ♪
♪ Now I see what we have done ♪
♪ And I know it's true ♪
♪ You don't give me anything but love ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Until we see a piece that will break ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ I tried I tried to tell you ♪
♪ What's in my soul ♪
♪ I'm dying, I'm dying ♪
♪ But the ocean changes slowly ♪
♪ And it's hard to see it ♪
♪ But I know it's true ♪
♪ That I have to be better ♪
♪ Much better for you ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Until we see a piece that will break ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ Oh, I know we will wake up ♪
♪ I scream in color ♪
♪ Tell me, can you hear me Through the waves ♪
♪ If we keep waiting ♪
♪ Do we lose the things that we can save ♪
♪ If we hold each other ♪
♪ We don't need to release it ♪
♪ We don't need to let go of this ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Until we see the piece that will be solved ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ I know we will wake up ♪
♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
♪ Until we wake up ♪
♪ I know we will wake up ♪
♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪
- ♪ Until we wake up ♪ - ♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
- ♪ Oh, we will wake up ♪ - ♪ Tell me how long, tell me how long ♪
- ♪ Tell me how long it will take ♪ - ♪ Until we wake up ♪
This film is dedicated to all young people Who can and will make changes...
Submitted by: www.subtitlecinema.com