0 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:20,000 1 00:00:59,959 --> 00:01:04,259 (INDISTINCT CHATTERING) 2 00:01:16,876 --> 00:01:18,104 I think everyone is here. 3 00:01:18,211 --> 00:01:21,009 If you'd all please take your seats, we can get started. 4 00:01:31,691 --> 00:01:35,559 George Fitch, Christmas Eve, Nanking, China, 1937. 5 00:01:36,663 --> 00:01:40,827 What I am about to relate is a story which I feel must be told, 6 00:01:40,934 --> 00:01:43,562 even if it is seen by only a few. 7 00:01:43,670 --> 00:01:46,605 I cannot rest until I have told it and, perhaps fortunately, 8 00:01:46,706 --> 00:01:49,698 I am one of a very few who are in a position to tell it. 9 00:01:50,443 --> 00:01:53,310 It is not complete, only a part of the whole, 10 00:01:54,881 --> 00:01:58,180 and God alone knows when it will be finished. 11 00:01:58,284 --> 00:02:00,081 I pray it may be soon, 12 00:02:00,186 --> 00:02:04,680 but I am afraid it is going to go on for many months to come. 13 00:02:05,792 --> 00:02:09,193 I believe it has no parallel in modern history. 14 00:02:09,796 --> 00:02:13,732 Bob Wilson. I was born and grew up here in China. 15 00:02:13,833 --> 00:02:15,664 My parents were both missionaries. 16 00:02:16,436 --> 00:02:18,370 I went away to medical school at Harvard, 17 00:02:18,471 --> 00:02:21,736 but I came back here to live, and practice medicine. 18 00:02:21,841 --> 00:02:23,832 Nanking is my home. 19 00:02:29,149 --> 00:02:33,381 Minnie Vautrin. Dean of Ginling Women's College in Nanking. 20 00:02:33,987 --> 00:02:38,583 I'm from Secor, Illinois, a small farming town on the prairie. 21 00:02:45,632 --> 00:02:47,327 John Rabe. 22 00:02:47,433 --> 00:02:50,493 I moved to China from Hamburg on business, over 30 years ago. 23 00:02:51,137 --> 00:02:53,298 I married my childhood sweetheart from Germany, 24 00:02:53,406 --> 00:02:55,738 and we raised our two children here. 25 00:02:55,842 --> 00:02:58,902 For the last six years, I've been director of Siemens China company, 26 00:02:59,012 --> 00:03:00,877 here in Nanking, the capital. 27 00:03:02,549 --> 00:03:04,540 (CHINESE MUSIC PLAYING) 28 00:03:33,379 --> 00:03:34,641 (CHANG ZHI QIANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 29 00:03:54,767 --> 00:03:55,791 (WU ZHENG XI SPEAKING CHINESE) 30 00:04:13,152 --> 00:04:15,086 (CHANG ZHI QIANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 31 00:05:16,416 --> 00:05:17,610 (PEOPLE CLAMORING) 32 00:05:17,717 --> 00:05:20,550 March of Time newsreel, August, 1937. 33 00:05:21,321 --> 00:05:24,813 "Today, out of the Far East, come grim messages of a new conflict." 34 00:05:25,858 --> 00:05:29,089 "The gory chronicle of Japan's war to crush all of China..." 35 00:05:29,429 --> 00:05:32,660 REPORTER: And gain for herself sole mastery of the Orient. 36 00:05:35,668 --> 00:05:38,569 Shanghai tastes war at its worst. 37 00:05:41,574 --> 00:05:44,509 For, in a war of today, there is a new element: 38 00:05:44,610 --> 00:05:46,510 A fearsome, haphazard, modern fighting 39 00:05:46,612 --> 00:05:51,174 that takes its toll on peaceful cities and their non-combatant populations. 40 00:06:09,135 --> 00:06:10,124 (CHANG ZHI QIANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 41 00:06:24,817 --> 00:06:27,342 We always knew Japan wanted China. 42 00:06:27,487 --> 00:06:30,820 I knew it since I was little. My parents always said, 43 00:06:30,923 --> 00:06:35,724 "Japan wants to conquer China because we have all the land and all the wealth." 44 00:06:35,828 --> 00:06:37,887 And we were right next door. 45 00:06:38,231 --> 00:06:39,198 (WANG WEN YU SPEAKING CHINESE) 46 00:06:49,976 --> 00:06:51,967 Everywhere, dugouts can be seen. 47 00:06:53,179 --> 00:06:56,444 In some places, they are as close as every 200 feet. 48 00:06:57,517 --> 00:06:59,041 VAUTRIN: Just as you would show your rose garden 49 00:06:59,152 --> 00:07:00,517 to your friends when they call, 50 00:07:00,620 --> 00:07:01,678 now it's customary 51 00:07:01,788 --> 00:07:05,656 to take your friends to your trenches and caves, to ask their opinion. 52 00:07:18,271 --> 00:07:19,295 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 53 00:07:20,206 --> 00:07:21,571 (SIRENS BLARING) 54 00:07:27,814 --> 00:07:30,783 (SIRENS BLARING) 55 00:07:44,931 --> 00:07:46,899 Today, we had a genuine thrill. 56 00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:50,260 The first air raid that any of us had ever experienced. 57 00:07:51,037 --> 00:07:52,766 It probably won't be the last. 58 00:07:52,939 --> 00:07:53,906 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 59 00:08:25,905 --> 00:08:27,065 (IMITATING GUN FIRING) 60 00:08:32,645 --> 00:08:35,170 (IMITATING PLANE ENGINE) 61 00:08:35,848 --> 00:08:36,940 (IMITATING BOMB EXPLOSION) 62 00:08:38,851 --> 00:08:40,546 (SCREAMING) 63 00:10:24,991 --> 00:10:28,256 During the worst of the bombing, on the 19th and 20th of September, 64 00:10:28,861 --> 00:10:31,352 I sat with my Chinese in our homemade dugout, 65 00:10:31,464 --> 00:10:32,897 which is certainly not bomb-proof, 66 00:10:32,999 --> 00:10:36,594 but at least provides protection against shrapnel and bomb fragments. 67 00:10:37,236 --> 00:10:40,603 Out in the garden, we've also spread a 20-by-20-foot piece of canvas, 68 00:10:40,706 --> 00:10:42,901 with a swastika painted on it. 69 00:10:43,676 --> 00:10:45,337 In the long hours of crouching in the dugout, 70 00:10:45,444 --> 00:10:47,912 during the recent bombardment, I turned on Radio Shanghai 71 00:10:48,014 --> 00:10:50,778 to take my mind off things with a little music. 72 00:10:50,883 --> 00:10:53,875 And they were playing Beethoven's "Funeral March"! 73 00:10:53,986 --> 00:10:57,285 Then, to make matters worse, they announced to their listeners, 74 00:10:57,390 --> 00:11:01,918 "This music is kindly dedicated to you by the Shanghai Funeral Directors." 75 00:11:03,329 --> 00:11:07,459 VAUTRIN: Most of the shops on the business streets are locked, 76 00:11:07,566 --> 00:11:10,467 and the city has a deserted and forlorn look. 77 00:11:10,903 --> 00:11:15,067 The glances cast at me as much as say, "What? Are you still here?" 78 00:11:17,843 --> 00:11:21,609 WILSON: September 25th. This has been a terrible day. 79 00:11:22,548 --> 00:11:24,812 Bombs seem to be raining around. 80 00:11:24,917 --> 00:11:29,286 Nanking was subjected to three terrific air raids. 81 00:11:29,388 --> 00:11:33,017 The count of raids and alarms has now risen to 39. 82 00:11:33,125 --> 00:11:36,686 Gallons of civilian blood flowed today. 83 00:12:11,197 --> 00:12:14,428 Under such circumstances, can I... 84 00:12:15,668 --> 00:12:17,693 May I cut and run? 85 00:12:18,871 --> 00:12:20,668 I don't think so. 86 00:12:21,440 --> 00:12:25,604 Anyone who has ever sat in the dugout and held a trembling Chinese child in each hand 87 00:12:25,711 --> 00:12:29,579 through the long hours of an air raid can understand what I feel. 88 00:12:30,116 --> 00:12:34,075 The rich are fleeing. The poor remain behind. 89 00:12:34,186 --> 00:12:38,054 They don't know where to go. They don't have the means to flee. 90 00:12:38,257 --> 00:12:41,693 Aren't they in danger of being slaughtered in great numbers? 91 00:12:41,794 --> 00:12:44,592 Shouldn't one make an attempt to help them? 92 00:12:44,897 --> 00:12:47,263 There's a question of morality here. 93 00:12:47,366 --> 00:12:50,062 And, so far, I haven't been able to sidestep it. 94 00:12:51,871 --> 00:12:52,838 (CHANG ZHI QIANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 95 00:13:12,792 --> 00:13:16,751 Tuesday evening, we took our entire hospital staff to Shokwan Station, 96 00:13:16,862 --> 00:13:20,229 where about 1,200 Chinese soldiers lay around. 97 00:13:20,866 --> 00:13:23,926 VAUTRIN: We found the soldiers scattered thickly at the station. 98 00:13:24,036 --> 00:13:26,368 Some men were in great agony. 99 00:13:26,472 --> 00:13:29,999 One of the men had his leg shot off up near the hip. 100 00:13:31,243 --> 00:13:32,972 The wound had not been attended. 101 00:13:33,078 --> 00:13:37,515 The odor of his flesh, I can never, never forget. 102 00:13:37,616 --> 00:13:40,744 When I reached home, I first washed with Lysol, and then soap, 103 00:13:40,853 --> 00:13:42,548 but the odor still remained. 104 00:13:42,655 --> 00:13:46,056 I used cold cream, and then later perfume, but... 105 00:13:46,158 --> 00:13:49,025 All day today, I am still conscious of it. 106 00:13:49,495 --> 00:13:50,462 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 107 00:14:10,616 --> 00:14:14,518 At 9:00 p.m., a letter came by special messenger from the Embassy. 108 00:14:14,620 --> 00:14:17,612 They are asking all men and women to evacuate Nanking. 109 00:14:18,791 --> 00:14:21,487 It was a very clear, emphatic statement. 110 00:14:28,033 --> 00:14:30,001 REPORTER: Standing offshore from the doomed city is 111 00:14:30,102 --> 00:14:33,435 the United States gunboat Panay of the Yangtze Patrol. 112 00:14:33,539 --> 00:14:36,702 Fleeing from the beleaguered city, a number of Americans and others 113 00:14:36,809 --> 00:14:40,040 arrive at the riverside, hoping to get aboard the Panay. 114 00:14:40,145 --> 00:14:44,343 Diplomats representing the United States government pack important state papers 115 00:14:44,450 --> 00:14:49,114 and head for the Panay in cars prominently marked with the American colors. 116 00:14:50,389 --> 00:14:53,290 I personally feel that I cannot leave. 117 00:14:53,392 --> 00:14:55,826 Men are not asked to leave their ships when they are in danger, 118 00:14:55,928 --> 00:14:58,590 and women are not asked to leave their children. 119 00:14:58,998 --> 00:15:02,593 If Americans leave, a great many of the Chinese would go, also. 120 00:15:02,902 --> 00:15:07,305 The hospital would have to close, or be operated by military authorities. 121 00:15:09,041 --> 00:15:13,307 One can't help feeling that leaving right now would be passing up an opportunity 122 00:15:13,412 --> 00:15:16,939 for service of the highest kind. 123 00:15:36,135 --> 00:15:37,102 (CHANG ZHI QIANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 124 00:15:57,456 --> 00:16:00,357 At 1:30 this afternoon, I drove to Zhongshan Wharf. 125 00:16:02,561 --> 00:16:05,428 After a brief goodbye to the passengers, I take the launch, 126 00:16:05,531 --> 00:16:08,659 which is honking impatiently now, back to Shokwan. 127 00:16:10,336 --> 00:16:12,304 My last bridge is burned. 128 00:16:20,612 --> 00:16:23,911 WILSON: The city is practically deserted now, 129 00:16:24,016 --> 00:16:27,508 except for the poor, who have no place to go. 130 00:16:34,660 --> 00:16:38,619 This morning, after the service began, the warning siren sounded. 131 00:16:39,031 --> 00:16:41,659 The pastor asked, "Shall we continue, or go to a dugout?" 132 00:16:41,767 --> 00:16:45,726 One man said, "Continue." And we did so. 133 00:16:45,838 --> 00:16:48,932 Life is real. Life is earnest these days. 134 00:16:50,042 --> 00:16:53,170 Slowly, the heavy bombers drew near. 135 00:16:53,278 --> 00:16:56,975 When the bombing could be plainly heard inside the city, 136 00:16:57,316 --> 00:17:02,049 the pastor stopped preaching, and asked us all to pray silently for peace. 137 00:17:11,630 --> 00:17:12,597 (WANG WEN YU SPEAKING CHINESE) 138 00:17:24,476 --> 00:17:27,775 The Chinese appear to regard Shanghai as the main theater of war, 139 00:17:27,880 --> 00:17:30,508 because Shanghai protects Nanking. 140 00:17:31,683 --> 00:17:33,207 But for how long? 141 00:17:36,588 --> 00:17:38,647 REPORTER: Smoke-filled skies signal to the world 142 00:17:38,757 --> 00:17:41,749 the final chapter of the greatest war drama yet filmed. 143 00:17:44,830 --> 00:17:46,627 The actual fall of Shanghai! 144 00:18:04,516 --> 00:18:05,483 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 145 00:18:55,434 --> 00:18:57,698 SAKAI HIROSHI: At 10:00 a.m., the order came. 146 00:18:58,437 --> 00:19:00,530 "Regiment is to pursue enemy towards Nanking." 147 00:19:01,373 --> 00:19:03,568 "All troops have to be ready immediately." 148 00:19:11,116 --> 00:19:13,516 General Matsui said Nanking is the capital of China, 149 00:19:13,619 --> 00:19:16,850 and our capturing of it will be an international event. 150 00:19:16,955 --> 00:19:21,756 With General Matsui's principle in mind, we began immediately to make our plans. 151 00:19:22,728 --> 00:19:25,060 STAGE MANAGER: From the Tokyo Nichi-Nichi newspaper, 152 00:19:25,164 --> 00:19:27,029 reported on the road to Nanking. 153 00:19:27,132 --> 00:19:28,724 "There are two young commissioned officers 154 00:19:28,834 --> 00:19:32,167 "who have undertaken a contest to cut down a hundred with their swords. 155 00:19:33,038 --> 00:19:37,941 "It is said that one man has already killed 56 men and the other has killed 25. 156 00:19:38,043 --> 00:19:40,511 "When we reporters came upon the two of them conferring, 157 00:19:40,612 --> 00:19:43,376 "second lieutenant Mukai said, 'With things going like this, 158 00:19:43,482 --> 00:19:47,714 "'I'll probably cut down 100 by the time we reach Danyang, never mind Nanking. 159 00:19:47,819 --> 00:19:50,379 "'You're going to lose. My sword has killed 55, 160 00:19:50,489 --> 00:19:51,854 "'and it's only got one little nick on it.' 161 00:19:52,758 --> 00:19:54,385 "Second lieutenant Noda responded, 162 00:19:54,493 --> 00:19:58,589 "'By the time you're in Danyang, I'll show you what kind of a record I can rack up. "' 163 00:20:00,465 --> 00:20:02,956 HIROSHI: Every time we seize a village on the way to Nanking, 164 00:20:03,068 --> 00:20:04,968 newly-commissioned officers will test their swords 165 00:20:05,070 --> 00:20:07,231 on the defeated Chinese soldiers. 166 00:20:07,339 --> 00:20:09,864 When you behead someone, you need to use a strong stroke, 167 00:20:09,975 --> 00:20:13,604 so you raise the sword high, and bring it down with force. 168 00:20:14,146 --> 00:20:18,048 The head falls, and blood flies straight up like a red pillar of fire. 169 00:20:18,684 --> 00:20:22,677 There's an officer I know who always bragged about killing people. 170 00:20:22,788 --> 00:20:24,449 He would tie their wrists and ankles with rope 171 00:20:24,556 --> 00:20:28,492 so that the person to be beheaded won't be able to stand or stretch his legs. 172 00:20:29,428 --> 00:20:31,419 Everyone copied his style. 173 00:20:31,730 --> 00:20:32,719 (NI CUI PING SPEAKING CHINESE) 174 00:20:51,850 --> 00:20:53,750 Tonight's news, none too good. 175 00:20:55,287 --> 00:20:58,552 Conditions look bad. Rumors and unrest. 176 00:20:59,691 --> 00:21:03,286 Word is, the Japanese are approaching from three directions. 177 00:21:05,264 --> 00:21:06,253 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 178 00:21:26,785 --> 00:21:27,809 VAUTRIN: Over and over again, 179 00:21:27,919 --> 00:21:31,878 I am struck by the similarity of Jesus' day and today in China. 180 00:21:32,391 --> 00:21:35,952 Three other missionaries and I spent an hour and a half today 181 00:21:36,061 --> 00:21:39,827 trying to see what Christians can do in this present situation. 182 00:21:40,332 --> 00:21:43,768 Are we to stand by hopelessly, or is there something we can do? 183 00:21:43,869 --> 00:21:45,666 And if so, what? 184 00:21:52,778 --> 00:21:55,406 FITCH: Telegram we sent to the Japanese Ambassador. 185 00:21:55,514 --> 00:21:58,642 "An international committee composed of nationals of Denmark, 186 00:21:58,817 --> 00:22:00,944 "Germany, Great Britain, and the United States 187 00:22:01,420 --> 00:22:04,150 "desires to suggest to the Chinese and Japanese authorities 188 00:22:04,256 --> 00:22:09,421 "the establishment of a Safety Zone for civilian refugees at or near Nanking. 189 00:22:09,761 --> 00:22:12,025 "The committee would respectfully request a prompt reply 190 00:22:12,130 --> 00:22:14,394 "from the Japanese authorities to this proposal." 191 00:22:14,833 --> 00:22:17,097 We will bear tremendous responsibility 192 00:22:17,202 --> 00:22:21,366 if we first order the remaining populace of Nanking into the neutral zone 193 00:22:21,473 --> 00:22:24,499 and then later are turned down by the Japanese. 194 00:22:25,077 --> 00:22:28,774 To our surprise, the big-hearted German who we'd elected chairman 195 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,110 turned out to be the National-Socialist leader here. 196 00:22:31,683 --> 00:22:34,277 I continue to hope that Hitler will help us. 197 00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:38,315 He has deep sympathy, not only for the distress of his own people, 198 00:22:38,423 --> 00:22:40,516 but for the anguish of the Chinese as well. 199 00:22:40,625 --> 00:22:43,890 So now, it turns out that the burden of work is to be carried out 200 00:22:43,995 --> 00:22:48,625 by a group of American missionaries and a group of German Nazi businessmen. 201 00:22:49,935 --> 00:22:52,870 VAUTRIN: At 2:30, as I walked down Shanghai Road, 202 00:22:52,971 --> 00:22:58,136 again and again, I met groups of women and children in search of the Safety Zone. 203 00:22:58,410 --> 00:23:02,676 I told them that it was not yet certain, but when it was, they would be notified. 204 00:23:03,382 --> 00:23:05,850 The Safety Zone is not yet assured. 205 00:23:07,185 --> 00:23:09,779 STAGE MANAGER: Telegram to the United States Embassy. 206 00:23:09,888 --> 00:23:13,085 "Japanese authorities have duly noted request for a Safety Zone 207 00:23:13,191 --> 00:23:15,056 "but regret cannot grant it." 208 00:23:15,360 --> 00:23:19,797 According to radio reports, London regards this reply as a flat-out refusal. 209 00:23:20,699 --> 00:23:23,031 We're of a different opinion here. 210 00:23:23,135 --> 00:23:26,195 Their answer is cleverly couched in diplomatic terms, 211 00:23:26,304 --> 00:23:28,204 leaving a back door open. 212 00:23:50,162 --> 00:23:54,997 Mayor Ma virtually turned over to us administrative responsibilities for the Zone, 213 00:23:55,100 --> 00:23:57,796 along with a police force of 450 men, 214 00:23:57,903 --> 00:24:02,840 2,000 tons of rice, 10,000 bags of flour, and some salt. 215 00:24:05,577 --> 00:24:07,670 RABE: Since Mayor Ma left Nanking yesterday, 216 00:24:07,779 --> 00:24:11,340 and since the committee is forced to deal with all the administrative problems 217 00:24:11,450 --> 00:24:13,941 and workings inside our Safety Zone, 218 00:24:14,052 --> 00:24:18,716 I've, in face of this, become something very like an acting mayor. 219 00:24:18,824 --> 00:24:21,019 Enough to give you a fit, Rabe. 220 00:24:22,694 --> 00:24:25,857 WILSON: The Japanese are now nearing the halfway mark from Shanghai 221 00:24:25,964 --> 00:24:29,127 and we have already heard the rumble of big guns. 222 00:24:30,569 --> 00:24:31,536 (CHANG ZHI QIANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 223 00:24:48,119 --> 00:24:50,144 RABE: Thousands of refugees are fleeing 224 00:24:50,255 --> 00:24:53,247 into our so-called Safety Zone from all directions. 225 00:24:53,892 --> 00:24:57,350 The sight of the poorest of the poor wandering aimlessly in the streets 226 00:24:57,462 --> 00:24:59,191 is enough to make you weep. 227 00:25:00,232 --> 00:25:03,724 As it grows dark, some families, unable to find shelter anywhere, 228 00:25:03,835 --> 00:25:07,271 stretch out to sleep in nooks and alcoves of buildings, 229 00:25:07,372 --> 00:25:10,967 or simply on the street, despite the cold. 230 00:25:12,277 --> 00:25:15,075 We are working feverishly to develop the Zone. 231 00:25:15,180 --> 00:25:16,169 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 232 00:25:28,927 --> 00:25:29,894 (DING YONG JING SPEAKING CHINESE) 233 00:25:55,887 --> 00:25:58,549 WILSON: Around us here, we now have thousands of poor people 234 00:25:58,657 --> 00:26:01,023 crowded into all the available buildings. 235 00:26:01,159 --> 00:26:03,923 What will happen to them is mere conjecture. 236 00:26:04,996 --> 00:26:07,055 The Zone is all marked with flags and banners, 237 00:26:07,165 --> 00:26:10,032 and so far, the Japanese have not bombed it. 238 00:26:10,468 --> 00:26:13,437 We still have hopes that even if they do not recognize it, 239 00:26:13,538 --> 00:26:14,971 they might respect it. 240 00:26:15,073 --> 00:26:19,373 If they do, it will mean the saving of thousands of lives of poor people. 241 00:26:25,317 --> 00:26:28,775 Five air raids on Monday and one on Tuesday. 242 00:26:28,887 --> 00:26:31,082 I'm writing this during our sixty-first. 243 00:26:32,023 --> 00:26:33,923 VAUTRIN: Tonight, the flames are lighting the sky 244 00:26:34,025 --> 00:26:36,255 above the whole southwest corner of the city. 245 00:26:37,128 --> 00:26:39,688 And in the afternoon, we had seen clouds of smoke 246 00:26:39,798 --> 00:26:42,358 rising in every direction, save northwest. 247 00:26:46,004 --> 00:26:50,873 WILSON: It is quite a sensation to be the only surgeon in a big, war-torn city. 248 00:26:52,510 --> 00:26:54,978 How can we leave the sick patients? 249 00:26:58,883 --> 00:27:03,013 The Japs have now reached a point about 25 miles from the city. 250 00:27:03,121 --> 00:27:07,148 Gunfire could be heard. It won't be long now. 251 00:27:08,526 --> 00:27:11,723 RABE: The city gates are to be closed tomorrow. 252 00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:13,491 I sent a telegram to Siemens today, 253 00:27:13,598 --> 00:27:17,762 asking them to pay up any life insurance premiums that may be due. 254 00:27:18,937 --> 00:27:23,135 If I were to say I was not afraid, I'd be lying. 255 00:27:24,976 --> 00:27:27,536 REPORTER: The swift Japanese advance on the national capital 256 00:27:27,746 --> 00:27:30,476 make the vicinity of Nanking a place of danger. 257 00:27:30,682 --> 00:27:34,516 The Nipponese invaders strike westward with incredible speed. 258 00:27:34,619 --> 00:27:39,352 The defenders bravely ignore a Japanese ultimatum calling on them to surrender. 259 00:27:45,897 --> 00:27:48,627 WILSON: If you're getting the same sort of radio reports that we are, 260 00:27:48,733 --> 00:27:51,930 you are undoubtedly alarmed for our safety here. 261 00:27:53,038 --> 00:27:55,506 We're a little concerned ourselves. 262 00:27:59,544 --> 00:28:02,945 Today's air raid brings our tally to 114. 263 00:28:07,619 --> 00:28:09,211 The tally must come to a close, 264 00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:12,983 as today was one long air raid, from morning till night. 265 00:28:15,193 --> 00:28:19,323 I am writing this to the tune of big guns, just outside of the city. 266 00:28:21,700 --> 00:28:25,727 Japanese advance guards have reached the walls in several places. 267 00:28:29,007 --> 00:28:31,567 Until about 1:00 p.m., December 10th, 268 00:28:31,676 --> 00:28:34,372 General Asaka and I had been waiting outside of Zhongshan Gate 269 00:28:34,479 --> 00:28:38,074 for the bearer of the flag of truce from the Chinese army. 270 00:28:42,053 --> 00:28:43,782 However, he never came. 271 00:28:43,888 --> 00:28:45,981 For that reason, from about 2:00 p.m., 272 00:28:46,091 --> 00:28:48,889 a general attack was commenced against Nanking. 273 00:28:50,195 --> 00:28:51,628 (GUNS FIRING) 274 00:28:59,771 --> 00:29:03,298 Shells from Japanese guns commenced falling inside the city walls, 275 00:29:03,408 --> 00:29:05,035 and I went outside to watch them. 276 00:29:05,143 --> 00:29:06,633 They formed a perfect pattern, 277 00:29:06,745 --> 00:29:11,978 the explosions advancing in regular rows about 25 yards every half-minute. 278 00:29:14,586 --> 00:29:18,613 They were coming from outside the South Gate, directly towards me. 279 00:29:22,427 --> 00:29:25,590 Uninterrupted artillery fire from Purple Mountain. 280 00:29:25,930 --> 00:29:29,832 Thunder and lightning around the hill. And suddenly, the whole hill is in flames. 281 00:29:36,407 --> 00:29:38,307 An old adage says, 282 00:29:38,843 --> 00:29:42,609 "When Purple Mountain burns, Nanking is lost." 283 00:29:45,483 --> 00:29:47,610 (CHINESE MUSIC PLAYING) 284 00:29:53,124 --> 00:29:54,557 JOHN MAGEE: December 13th. 285 00:29:54,659 --> 00:29:57,219 I was in the middle of my service when the telephone rang, 286 00:29:57,328 --> 00:29:58,955 and I answered it. 287 00:30:00,098 --> 00:30:02,692 I was asked to immediately go to the Zone committee's headquarters. 288 00:30:03,101 --> 00:30:05,467 The Japanese had broken into the city. 289 00:30:07,272 --> 00:30:08,830 FITCH: The wall had been breached, 290 00:30:08,940 --> 00:30:11,431 and the damage to the southern part of the city was tremendous. 291 00:30:11,543 --> 00:30:14,603 No one will ever know what the Chinese casualties were, 292 00:30:14,712 --> 00:30:16,577 but they must have been enormous. 293 00:30:16,681 --> 00:30:18,672 Soldiers streamed through the city from the south, 294 00:30:18,783 --> 00:30:20,774 many of them passing through the Zone. 295 00:30:27,759 --> 00:30:28,726 (CHANG ZHI QIANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 296 00:31:55,813 --> 00:31:57,007 (SNIFFLING) 297 00:34:56,227 --> 00:34:58,991 CHANG YU ZHENG: In the morning, the fresh-blood-colored flags 298 00:34:59,097 --> 00:35:01,759 of the Rising Sun were fluttering everywhere, 299 00:35:01,866 --> 00:35:06,860 each proclaiming, with its red symbol, the freshly spilled blood of Nanking. 300 00:35:11,676 --> 00:35:13,371 VAUTRIN: Three dangers are past: 301 00:35:13,478 --> 00:35:17,175 That of looting soldiers, bombing from airplanes, 302 00:35:17,281 --> 00:35:20,842 and shelling from big guns. But the fourth is still before us: 303 00:35:21,119 --> 00:35:24,247 Our fate at the hands of a victorious army. 304 00:35:28,726 --> 00:35:29,715 (SPEAKING JAPANESE) 305 00:36:02,527 --> 00:36:03,516 (NI CUI PING SPEAKING CHINESE) 306 00:36:21,445 --> 00:36:25,939 RABE: It's not until we tour the city that we learn the extent of the destruction. 307 00:36:26,050 --> 00:36:29,611 We come across corpses every 100 or 200 yards. 308 00:36:30,054 --> 00:36:34,286 The bodies of civilians that I examined had bullet holes in their backs. 309 00:36:34,392 --> 00:36:38,886 These people had presumably been fleeing, and were shot from behind. 310 00:36:41,299 --> 00:36:42,288 (XIA SHU QIN SPEAKING CHINESE) 311 00:38:12,857 --> 00:38:15,655 From 8:30 this morning until 6:00 this evening, 312 00:38:15,760 --> 00:38:20,220 I stood at the front gate of Ginling College, as the refugees poured in. 313 00:38:20,331 --> 00:38:23,596 They'd disguised themselves in every possible way. 314 00:38:24,001 --> 00:38:27,960 Many had cut their hair, most of them had blackened their faces. 315 00:38:28,739 --> 00:38:33,403 Many were wearing men or boys' clothing, or even that of old women. 316 00:38:33,644 --> 00:38:34,611 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 317 00:38:51,128 --> 00:38:53,858 VAUTRIN: Nanking has no lights, no water, no telephone, 318 00:38:53,964 --> 00:38:56,933 no telegraph, no city paper, no radio! 319 00:38:58,169 --> 00:39:02,629 We are indeed separated from all of you by an impenetrable zone. 320 00:39:03,641 --> 00:39:07,270 RABE: The Japanese march through the city in groups of 10 to 20 soldiers 321 00:39:07,378 --> 00:39:09,073 and loot the shops. 322 00:39:09,180 --> 00:39:13,014 They smash open windows and doors, and take whatever they like. 323 00:39:13,117 --> 00:39:15,312 We ran across a group of 200 Chinese workers 324 00:39:15,419 --> 00:39:19,253 whom Japanese soldiers have picked up off the streets of the Safety Zone, 325 00:39:19,357 --> 00:39:23,555 and after having been tied up are now being driven out of the city. 326 00:39:25,229 --> 00:39:27,754 WILSON: At the last moment, thousands of Chinese soldiers 327 00:39:27,865 --> 00:39:29,958 threw away their uniforms and equipment, 328 00:39:30,067 --> 00:39:32,900 looted civilian clothes, and crowded into the Zone. 329 00:39:34,238 --> 00:39:37,401 I had made up my mind to bury the Chinese soldiers' clothes. 330 00:39:37,575 --> 00:39:40,703 They had been thrown onto the campus by the fleeing soldiers. 331 00:39:40,811 --> 00:39:44,679 But when I got to the carpenter's shop I could see that the gardeners were wiser. 332 00:39:44,782 --> 00:39:48,047 They had burned them, and thrown the grenades into a pond. 333 00:39:50,521 --> 00:39:52,386 SMYTHE: At headquarters, we found a mob of men 334 00:39:52,490 --> 00:39:54,481 outside that had been disarmed. 335 00:39:54,925 --> 00:39:56,756 About 1,300 in all. 336 00:39:58,462 --> 00:40:01,363 We argued the Japanese would not shoot disarmed men. 337 00:40:01,465 --> 00:40:04,628 So we went to our staff conference quite relieved. 338 00:40:05,069 --> 00:40:08,038 FITCH: We knew that there were a number of ex-soldiers among them. 339 00:40:08,139 --> 00:40:09,970 But Rabe had been promised by an officer 340 00:40:10,074 --> 00:40:12,599 that very afternoon that their lives would be spared. 341 00:40:12,910 --> 00:40:14,901 But in a half-hour, we were called back. 342 00:40:15,146 --> 00:40:17,444 The Japanese had come back for them. 343 00:40:17,548 --> 00:40:21,348 FITCH: The men were lined up and roped together in groups of about 100 344 00:40:21,452 --> 00:40:24,285 by Japanese soldiers with bayonets fixed. 345 00:40:27,191 --> 00:40:28,180 (DING GUO YONG SPEAKING CHINESE) 346 00:40:35,433 --> 00:40:39,267 I tried for hours to prevent the Japanese from marching these men out for execution. 347 00:40:40,771 --> 00:40:42,136 But I failed. 348 00:40:46,477 --> 00:40:50,880 By the light of our headlights, we watched them march away to their doom. 349 00:40:52,216 --> 00:40:55,344 Not a whimper came from the entire throng. 350 00:40:56,520 --> 00:40:58,511 Our own hearts were lead. 351 00:41:00,724 --> 00:41:02,385 MILLS McCALLUM: During this time, we really felt 352 00:41:02,493 --> 00:41:05,257 that we were contending with the powers of evil. 353 00:41:06,130 --> 00:41:09,190 This memory will remain with me forever. 354 00:41:10,801 --> 00:41:13,634 We could do nothing to avert this tragedy. 355 00:41:16,006 --> 00:41:19,407 STAGE MANAGER: Japanese 6th Brigade Operation Order 138. 356 00:41:19,510 --> 00:41:22,604 "Since the defeated enemy soldiers are believed to be in plain clothes, 357 00:41:22,713 --> 00:41:26,308 "you must arrest any person who is suspected of being so. 358 00:41:26,417 --> 00:41:30,547 "Regard every adult man up to middle age as a plain-clothes soldier." 359 00:41:31,155 --> 00:41:34,147 There is no system. Soldiers seize anyone they suspect. 360 00:41:34,258 --> 00:41:37,022 Calluses on hands are proof the man is a soldier. 361 00:41:37,127 --> 00:41:41,359 Rickshaw coolies, carpenters, and other laborers are frequently taken. 362 00:41:41,866 --> 00:41:42,833 (WU ZHENG XI SPEAKING CHINESE) 363 00:42:35,019 --> 00:42:38,420 I took moving pictures of a group of about 70 or so Chinese men 364 00:42:38,522 --> 00:42:39,716 being gathered on the road. 365 00:42:40,024 --> 00:42:43,357 And in the picture, the women are kneeling before the Japanese, 366 00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:45,291 begging for their menfolk. 367 00:42:54,772 --> 00:42:56,103 (LUO ZHONG YANG SPEAKING CHINESE) 368 00:43:27,371 --> 00:43:28,360 (SPEAKING JAPANESE) 369 00:43:50,628 --> 00:43:51,595 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 370 00:45:16,513 --> 00:45:20,472 How many thousands were mown down by guns? Or bayoneted? 371 00:45:20,584 --> 00:45:22,711 We shall probably never know. 372 00:45:22,820 --> 00:45:25,653 But in many cases, oil was thrown over the bodies, 373 00:45:25,756 --> 00:45:27,656 and they were burned. 374 00:45:27,758 --> 00:45:31,592 Charred bones tell the story of many of those tragedies. 375 00:45:39,403 --> 00:45:40,392 (SPEAKING JAPANESE) 376 00:47:49,433 --> 00:47:53,392 Some Japanese soldiers were fierce and unreasonable. 377 00:47:53,503 --> 00:47:57,701 And many of them had their bayonets ready for use. 378 00:47:57,808 --> 00:48:01,869 And on not a few of them, I saw fresh bloodstains. 379 00:48:02,045 --> 00:48:03,012 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 380 00:48:40,584 --> 00:48:44,076 There seems to be no stop to the ferocity of the brutes. 381 00:48:45,055 --> 00:48:49,458 At first I tried to be pleasant to them, to avoid arousing their ire. 382 00:48:49,593 --> 00:48:51,959 But the smile has gradually worn off, 383 00:48:52,062 --> 00:48:55,964 and my stare is fully as cool and fishy as theirs. 384 00:48:56,767 --> 00:48:57,734 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 385 00:49:25,796 --> 00:49:29,095 A colonel and his staff called at my office, and spent an hour trying to discover 386 00:49:29,199 --> 00:49:32,600 where all the additional disarmed soldiers were. 387 00:49:32,736 --> 00:49:34,761 They insisted that they were hiding within the Zone, 388 00:49:34,871 --> 00:49:36,930 and that we were responsible for concealing them. 389 00:49:37,274 --> 00:49:38,263 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 390 00:50:32,129 --> 00:50:35,189 Miss Vautrin ran to us, and begged us to claim someone. 391 00:50:35,866 --> 00:50:38,858 She told us if we claimed a man, we would save a life. 392 00:50:39,636 --> 00:50:41,331 As long as you had a relative, 393 00:50:41,805 --> 00:50:44,831 the Japanese would assume you were not a soldier. 394 00:50:45,108 --> 00:50:48,874 There were two or three thousand young men, some soldiers, some not. 395 00:50:48,979 --> 00:50:50,913 We each claimed someone. 396 00:50:51,014 --> 00:50:54,882 All day, I watched her running back and forth across Ginling in this work. 397 00:50:58,355 --> 00:51:01,847 Sometimes, one gets weary of spirit. 398 00:51:02,526 --> 00:51:04,050 There is so much suffering. 399 00:51:04,161 --> 00:51:07,619 So many in such difficult and impossible circumstances, 400 00:51:07,731 --> 00:51:09,562 it makes one hopeless. 401 00:51:10,267 --> 00:51:12,064 And when will it end? 402 00:51:14,571 --> 00:51:16,539 BATES: I can see little indication of God 403 00:51:16,640 --> 00:51:18,835 in the tremendous wave of cruelty and greed 404 00:51:18,942 --> 00:51:21,843 that has engulfed a big piece of our world. 405 00:51:23,547 --> 00:51:26,311 SMYTHE: I wish Emperor Hirohito could see the mangled bodies 406 00:51:26,416 --> 00:51:28,384 of these simple, Chinese common people, 407 00:51:28,485 --> 00:51:31,420 which his spokesmen profess to love so much. 408 00:51:32,289 --> 00:51:34,985 Or that I could carry some of the men and women with legs blown off 409 00:51:35,092 --> 00:51:37,390 into the elegant parlors of the rich Americans 410 00:51:37,494 --> 00:51:40,463 who fatten on selling war supplies to Japan. 411 00:51:40,564 --> 00:51:42,725 They would probably worry more about their rugs 412 00:51:42,833 --> 00:51:44,767 than about the wounded. 413 00:51:48,138 --> 00:51:49,537 BATES: Religious faith is believing 414 00:51:49,639 --> 00:51:53,006 that good things are worth doing for their own sake. 415 00:51:54,377 --> 00:51:57,403 Even in a world that seems overpoweringly evil. 416 00:52:00,851 --> 00:52:02,580 I remain assured in hard experience 417 00:52:02,686 --> 00:52:04,779 that neither by national guns nor by national gods 418 00:52:04,888 --> 00:52:06,719 will mankind be saved, 419 00:52:08,291 --> 00:52:12,387 but only by the genuine regard for all members of the human family. 420 00:52:16,800 --> 00:52:20,998 VAUTRIN: God, comfort the heartbroken mothers and fathers of innocent sons 421 00:52:21,104 --> 00:52:22,867 who were shot today. 422 00:52:24,508 --> 00:52:29,707 And guard the young women and girls through the agonizing hours of this night. 423 00:52:32,215 --> 00:52:34,945 Speed the day when war shall be no more. 424 00:52:36,786 --> 00:52:40,347 In Nanking, we had time on our hands and nothing to do. 425 00:52:40,857 --> 00:52:42,484 So we raped girls. 426 00:52:43,059 --> 00:52:44,083 (SPEAKING JAPANESE) 427 00:53:21,631 --> 00:53:22,598 (SPEAKING CHINESE) 428 00:53:43,653 --> 00:53:44,620 (SPEAKING JAPANESE) 429 00:54:03,907 --> 00:54:04,874 (JIANG GEN FU SPEAKING CHINESE) 430 00:54:22,259 --> 00:54:23,783 (SNIFFLING) 431 00:57:16,866 --> 00:57:18,800 VAUTRIN: December 18th, Saturday. 432 00:57:19,269 --> 00:57:21,567 All days seem alike now. 433 00:57:21,671 --> 00:57:23,502 Went to gate at 7:30. 434 00:57:23,606 --> 00:57:27,406 A stream of weary, wild-eyed women were coming in. 435 00:57:27,510 --> 00:57:29,944 They said their night had been one of horror. 436 00:57:30,046 --> 00:57:33,709 That again and again, their homes were visited by soldiers. 437 00:57:34,884 --> 00:57:38,012 Twelve-year-old girls, 60-year-old women. Raped. 438 00:57:39,622 --> 00:57:44,559 If only the thoughtful people of Japan knew the facts of these days of horror. 439 00:57:49,999 --> 00:57:51,660 We had on the grounds of our college 440 00:57:51,768 --> 00:57:55,226 more than 10,000 women and children refugees. 441 00:57:55,338 --> 00:57:59,604 Every night, the soldiers would enter our grounds to get the girls, 442 00:57:59,709 --> 00:58:04,078 and every night Miss Vautrin would try to keep them from the girls. 443 00:58:05,648 --> 00:58:08,481 VAUTRIN: It seems in several homes near West Flower Gate, 444 00:58:08,585 --> 00:58:12,817 the soldiers, failing to find young girls, are using teenage boys. 445 00:58:15,558 --> 00:58:17,753 Tonight, I asked George Fitch how the day went, 446 00:58:17,861 --> 00:58:19,556 and what progress they had made, 447 00:58:19,662 --> 00:58:22,324 and his reply was, 448 00:58:22,432 --> 00:58:25,663 "It was hell today. The blackest day of my life." 449 00:58:27,537 --> 00:58:29,903 Certainly it was the same for me. 450 00:58:31,307 --> 00:58:35,368 Tonight, a truck passed in which there were eight or ten girls. 451 00:58:35,478 --> 00:58:38,743 And as it passed, they called, "Jo ming! Jo ming!" 452 00:58:39,716 --> 00:58:41,445 "Save our lives!" 453 00:58:43,686 --> 00:58:45,677 RABE: Six Japanese climb over my garden wall 454 00:58:45,788 --> 00:58:48,348 and attempt to open my gates from the inside. 455 00:58:48,458 --> 00:58:51,621 When I arrive and shine my flashlight on the face of one of them, 456 00:58:51,728 --> 00:58:53,628 he reaches for his pistol. 457 00:58:53,730 --> 00:58:56,722 But his hand drops quickly enough when I yell at him 458 00:58:56,833 --> 00:58:59,927 and hold my swastika armband under his nose. 459 00:59:00,036 --> 00:59:04,405 Then, on my orders, all six have to scramble back over the wall. 460 00:59:04,507 --> 00:59:07,169 My gates will never be opened to a riffraff like that! 461 00:59:08,611 --> 00:59:09,703 (ZHOU JI MU SPEAKING CHINESE) 462 01:00:08,738 --> 01:00:12,936 Every day, we call at the Japanese Embassy, and present our protests and appeals, 463 01:00:13,042 --> 01:00:15,408 our reports of violence and crime. 464 01:00:15,511 --> 01:00:19,106 "For the kind attention of Mr. Kiyoshi Fukui, 465 01:00:19,215 --> 01:00:21,683 "Second Secretary, Japanese Embassy. 466 01:00:22,518 --> 01:00:26,386 "Dear Sirs, we are very sorry to trouble you again, 467 01:00:26,489 --> 01:00:29,583 "but the sufferings and needs of 200,000 civilians 468 01:00:29,692 --> 01:00:32,092 "for whom we are trying to care make it urgent 469 01:00:32,195 --> 01:00:35,562 "that we try to secure action from your military authorities 470 01:00:35,665 --> 01:00:39,192 "to stop present disorder among Japanese soldiers 471 01:00:39,335 --> 01:00:41,496 "wandering through the Safety Zone." 472 01:00:42,305 --> 01:00:43,670 "Case number 15, 473 01:00:43,773 --> 01:00:46,139 "Japanese soldiers entered a house on Hankow Road, 474 01:00:46,242 --> 01:00:48,972 "raped a young wife, and took away three women. 475 01:00:49,078 --> 01:00:51,706 "When two husbands ran, the soldiers shot both of them." 476 01:00:51,814 --> 01:00:54,305 "Case number 154, 477 01:00:54,417 --> 01:00:59,514 "a girl, 13 years old, was raped by three Japanese soldiers 478 01:00:59,622 --> 01:01:01,681 "at Chen Chia Chai number 6." 479 01:01:01,791 --> 01:01:03,156 "Case number 290, 480 01:01:03,259 --> 01:01:07,127 "four soldiers raped a young girl, a little over 10, by turns." 481 01:01:09,298 --> 01:01:13,132 WILSON: Fukuda and Tanaka of the Japanese Embassy had nothing to say, 482 01:01:13,236 --> 01:01:16,137 except Fukuda's remark that the army is very mad, 483 01:01:16,239 --> 01:01:18,173 because they say it is the first time in history 484 01:01:18,274 --> 01:01:21,903 that an army had to conquer a place with neutral observers on hand. 485 01:01:22,011 --> 01:01:25,674 Quite a false view, but we felt it was not time to argue. 486 01:01:25,782 --> 01:01:29,081 We have come to understand the Japanese much better than we did. 487 01:01:29,185 --> 01:01:31,312 A week before their entry, I preached to our group, 488 01:01:31,421 --> 01:01:35,755 and I urged them to have faith in the goodness and humanity of the Japanese. 489 01:01:35,858 --> 01:01:39,294 The Chinese are still laughing at us for our innocence. 490 01:01:40,129 --> 01:01:42,620 And we better understand Japanese propaganda. 491 01:01:42,732 --> 01:01:43,926 In the midst of great suffering, 492 01:01:44,033 --> 01:01:46,695 Japanese news squads went around staging pictures 493 01:01:46,803 --> 01:01:51,866 of Japanese soldiers giving candy to a child or an army doctor examining 20 children. 494 01:01:54,143 --> 01:01:58,443 Some Japanese newsmen came to the camp and handed out cakes and apples, 495 01:01:58,548 --> 01:02:00,914 and a few coins to the refugees. 496 01:02:01,584 --> 01:02:04,382 A moving picture was taken of this kind act. 497 01:02:04,487 --> 01:02:06,318 At the same time, a bunch of soldiers 498 01:02:06,422 --> 01:02:10,483 climbed the back wall of the compound and raped a dozen or so women. 499 01:02:10,593 --> 01:02:12,891 No pictures were taken out back. 500 01:02:23,706 --> 01:02:25,640 RABE: We are introduced to Commandant Matsui, 501 01:02:25,742 --> 01:02:27,835 who shakes hands all around. 502 01:02:27,944 --> 01:02:29,571 I assume the role of spokesman 503 01:02:29,679 --> 01:02:32,512 and explain to Mr. Tanaka of the Japanese Embassy 504 01:02:32,615 --> 01:02:35,675 that we infer that the city is to be burned down. 505 01:02:36,552 --> 01:02:39,248 Tanaka denies this with a smile. 506 01:02:39,355 --> 01:02:43,485 Statement by the Japanese military posted throughout the city. 507 01:02:43,593 --> 01:02:46,585 "The municipality of Nanking is quiet. 508 01:02:46,696 --> 01:02:48,755 "The herds of refugees who fled for their lives 509 01:02:48,865 --> 01:02:52,995 "from the midst of death have met with the gentle soothing of the Japanese army. 510 01:02:53,102 --> 01:02:54,763 "The Imperial army entered the city, 511 01:02:54,871 --> 01:02:58,329 "put their bayonets into sheaths, and stretched forth merciful hands 512 01:02:58,441 --> 01:03:00,636 "in order to examine and to heal, 513 01:03:00,743 --> 01:03:04,804 "diffusing grace and favor to the excellent, true citizens. 514 01:03:04,914 --> 01:03:06,313 "Many thousands of refugees 515 01:03:06,415 --> 01:03:10,112 "cast off their former absurd attitudes of opposing Japan, 516 01:03:10,219 --> 01:03:14,849 "and clasped their hands in congratulation for receiving assurance of life. 517 01:03:14,991 --> 01:03:17,926 "Looking down, one sees a playground for Nanking children, 518 01:03:18,027 --> 01:03:22,123 "with soldiers and Chinese children playing joyfully on all sides. " 519 01:03:23,533 --> 01:03:26,593 FITCH: The proclamation on the handbills which airplanes scattered over the city, 520 01:03:26,702 --> 01:03:29,500 saying the Japanese are the only real friends of the Chinese 521 01:03:29,605 --> 01:03:31,698 and would protect the good, of course 522 01:03:31,808 --> 01:03:34,504 meant no more than most of their statements. 523 01:03:34,610 --> 01:03:39,570 And to show their sincerity, they raped, looted, and killed at will. 524 01:03:39,849 --> 01:03:43,945 In these hard times, it is certainly a life-saver to be in a gang. 525 01:03:45,121 --> 01:03:47,885 The thing about the whole situation that startles us all 526 01:03:47,990 --> 01:03:49,685 is how we, unarmed handful of foreigners, 527 01:03:49,792 --> 01:03:52,920 can chase the Japanese soldiers out of rooms in school buildings, 528 01:03:53,029 --> 01:03:56,362 rooms in foreign houses, and rooms in Chinese homes. 529 01:03:56,465 --> 01:03:58,763 And still, no one gets hurt. 530 01:03:58,868 --> 01:04:01,530 The soldiers often actually run away. 531 01:04:01,637 --> 01:04:03,400 Part of it is pure bluff. 532 01:04:03,506 --> 01:04:06,441 If we batted an eye, we'd be done for. 533 01:04:07,510 --> 01:04:09,239 Our group here at the house drafted a message 534 01:04:09,345 --> 01:04:11,540 to the American Consulate General in Shanghai, 535 01:04:11,647 --> 01:04:14,514 asking that diplomatic representatives be sent here immediately, 536 01:04:14,617 --> 01:04:16,141 as the situation was urgent, 537 01:04:16,252 --> 01:04:19,415 then asked the Japanese to send it via Navy radio. 538 01:04:19,522 --> 01:04:22,719 Needless to say, it was never sent. 539 01:04:22,825 --> 01:04:26,522 SMYTHE: When things were at their worst, the fellows at our house remarked at supper, 540 01:04:26,629 --> 01:04:27,789 "The first fellow that gets killed, 541 01:04:27,897 --> 01:04:31,833 "we're going to carry his body over and put it in the Japanese Embassy. " 542 01:04:31,934 --> 01:04:35,529 Each night, the eight of us wonder who would be missing the next night. 543 01:04:35,638 --> 01:04:38,869 We said, "We just can't all get through this alive." 544 01:04:39,709 --> 01:04:43,543 At noon, a man was led to headquarters with head burned cinder-black, 545 01:04:43,646 --> 01:04:46,206 eyes and ears gone, nose partly gone... 546 01:04:46,983 --> 01:04:49,042 A ghastly sight. 547 01:04:49,151 --> 01:04:53,781 I took him to the hospital in my car, where he died a few hours later. 548 01:04:53,890 --> 01:04:56,188 His story was that he was one of the gang of some 100, 549 01:04:56,292 --> 01:04:57,759 who had been tied together, 550 01:04:57,860 --> 01:05:00,829 then gasoline thrown over them, and set afire. 551 01:05:05,234 --> 01:05:09,102 December 24th, the day before Christmas. 552 01:05:09,205 --> 01:05:13,699 About 10:00, I was called to my office by a high military advisor. 553 01:05:14,377 --> 01:05:18,837 Miss Minnie Vautrin, our American Minnie, a proper lady to the core... 554 01:05:19,715 --> 01:05:24,345 She believes in her girls and guards them the way a hen guards her chicks. 555 01:05:24,453 --> 01:05:25,715 I shall never forget her 556 01:05:25,821 --> 01:05:28,881 marching at the head of some 400 female refugees through the town, 557 01:05:28,991 --> 01:05:32,324 right past groups of vagabonding Japanese soldiers, 558 01:05:32,428 --> 01:05:36,626 to guide the refugees to the safety of her girls' camp in Ginling College. 559 01:05:37,833 --> 01:05:40,301 And now, something terrible has happened to our Minnie. 560 01:05:40,403 --> 01:05:42,098 The request was 561 01:05:42,204 --> 01:05:46,766 that they be allowed to pick out prostitute women from our 10,000 refugees. 562 01:05:46,876 --> 01:05:49,242 They said they wanted 100. 563 01:05:49,345 --> 01:05:52,610 They feel that if they can start a regular, licensed place for the soldiers, 564 01:05:52,715 --> 01:05:55,946 then they will not molest innocent or decent women. 565 01:05:56,552 --> 01:05:59,612 And, with hands clenched in horror, Minnie is forced to watch 566 01:05:59,722 --> 01:06:04,216 as authorized underlings force their way into her girls' assembly hall, 567 01:06:04,327 --> 01:06:06,795 filled with hundreds of good girls. 568 01:06:07,463 --> 01:06:10,296 She's not going to hand over even one of them willingly. 569 01:06:10,399 --> 01:06:14,392 But then, a number of young refugee girls step forward. 570 01:06:15,338 --> 01:06:17,533 Evidently, former prostitutes. 571 01:06:18,741 --> 01:06:20,504 Minnie is speechless. 572 01:06:21,110 --> 01:06:23,305 They finally secured 21. 573 01:06:23,446 --> 01:06:26,313 But group after group of women have asked me 574 01:06:26,415 --> 01:06:30,579 if they will select the other 79 from the decent women and girls. 575 01:06:31,854 --> 01:06:33,651 And all I can answer is, 576 01:06:33,756 --> 01:06:37,385 "They will not do so if it is in my power to prevent it." 577 01:06:40,463 --> 01:06:43,864 SMYTHE: Bob Wilson helped out at our house last night. 578 01:06:43,966 --> 01:06:46,833 He got home early for the first time in two weeks. 579 01:06:46,936 --> 01:06:49,131 So he went to the university gardens, 580 01:06:49,238 --> 01:06:53,265 brought six big poinsettias, and put them around our living room. 581 01:06:53,376 --> 01:06:54,934 So we look like Christmas, anyway. 582 01:06:56,278 --> 01:06:59,145 RABE: Everyone is competing to make this a happy Christmas for me. 583 01:06:59,248 --> 01:07:01,113 It's really touching. 584 01:07:01,217 --> 01:07:05,153 Chang brought some Christmas roses and has decorated the house with them. 585 01:07:05,254 --> 01:07:08,485 He even managed to find a little fir tree that he wants to decorate. 586 01:07:08,591 --> 01:07:10,559 And he just came in grinning with joy 587 01:07:10,659 --> 01:07:14,151 and carrying six very long candles that he rounded up somewhere. 588 01:07:15,064 --> 01:07:16,964 Everybody likes me, suddenly. 589 01:07:17,066 --> 01:07:19,261 And it used to be, or so I thought, 590 01:07:19,368 --> 01:07:22,394 that no one wanted to have much to do with me. 591 01:07:22,905 --> 01:07:25,271 Or might I have been wrong there? 592 01:07:26,075 --> 01:07:29,135 How strange, my dear Dora, my dear children and grandchildren. 593 01:07:29,245 --> 01:07:31,907 I know you're all praying for me today. 594 01:07:33,249 --> 01:07:36,377 I feel as if I'm surrounded by loving thoughts. 595 01:07:37,987 --> 01:07:39,318 Believe me, 596 01:07:39,422 --> 01:07:42,755 I have a prayer in my heart for all of you, as well. 597 01:07:43,359 --> 01:07:46,123 WILSON: It seems like anything but Christmas Eve. 598 01:07:46,762 --> 01:07:49,890 It is sort of tough to keep Japanese soldiers from looting a hospital 599 01:07:49,999 --> 01:07:53,594 in the center of what was, a few weeks ago, a great city, 600 01:07:54,470 --> 01:07:58,338 while the rest of the family is scattered all over the globe. 601 01:07:58,441 --> 01:08:01,001 My baby will be six months old in four days, 602 01:08:01,110 --> 01:08:04,637 and I have only seen her for seven weeks of that time. 603 01:08:04,747 --> 01:08:06,738 It would be pleasant to close the year 604 01:08:06,849 --> 01:08:09,113 with some sort of brighter outlook for the next, 605 01:08:09,218 --> 01:08:12,483 but we seem to be closing on a note of deepest gloom, 606 01:08:12,588 --> 01:08:14,988 without a glimmer of light ahead. 607 01:08:15,691 --> 01:08:18,717 The only consolation is that it can't be worse. 608 01:08:19,295 --> 01:08:23,254 They can't kill as many people, as there aren't any more to kill. 609 01:08:30,506 --> 01:08:32,997 Christmas Eve, Nanking, China, 1937. 610 01:08:34,310 --> 01:08:37,677 What I am about to relate is a story which I feel must be told, 611 01:08:37,780 --> 01:08:40,214 even if it is seen by only a few. 612 01:08:41,617 --> 01:08:43,107 In these two short weeks, 613 01:08:43,219 --> 01:08:45,710 we here in Nanking have been through a siege. 614 01:08:45,821 --> 01:08:49,917 The Chinese army has left, defeated, and the Japanese have come in. 615 01:08:50,626 --> 01:08:53,026 On that day, Nanking was still 616 01:08:53,129 --> 01:08:57,691 the beautiful city we were so proud of, with law and order still prevailing. 617 01:08:58,367 --> 01:09:03,532 Today, it is a city laid waste, ravaged, completely looted, much of it burned. 618 01:09:04,640 --> 01:09:07,404 Complete anarchy has reigned for 10 days. 619 01:09:08,377 --> 01:09:10,470 It has been a hell on earth. 620 01:09:12,915 --> 01:09:16,146 Not that my life has been in serious danger at any time, 621 01:09:16,252 --> 01:09:18,686 though turning lust-mad, drunken soldiers out of houses 622 01:09:18,787 --> 01:09:23,190 where they were raping the women is not altogether a safe occupation. 623 01:09:23,292 --> 01:09:25,226 Nor does one feel perhaps too sure of himself 624 01:09:25,327 --> 01:09:29,320 when he finds a bayonet at his chest or a revolver at his head, 625 01:09:30,232 --> 01:09:34,692 and knows it is handled by someone who heartily wishes him out of the way. 626 01:09:35,237 --> 01:09:39,333 The Japanese army is anything but pleased at our being here. 627 01:09:39,441 --> 01:09:41,409 They wanted no observers. 628 01:09:42,178 --> 01:09:44,271 But to have to stand by, 629 01:09:44,380 --> 01:09:47,816 while even the very poor are having their last possessions taken from them, 630 01:09:47,917 --> 01:09:50,385 their last coin, their last bit of bedding, 631 01:09:50,486 --> 01:09:54,650 while thousands of disarmed soldiers who had sought sanctuary within, 632 01:09:54,757 --> 01:09:57,248 together with many hundreds of innocent civilians, 633 01:09:57,359 --> 01:10:01,659 are taken out before your eyes to be shot or used for bayonet practice. 634 01:10:02,431 --> 01:10:06,663 And we have to listen to the sounds of the guns that are killing them. 635 01:10:07,803 --> 01:10:11,569 Over a thousand women kneel before you, crying hysterically, 636 01:10:11,674 --> 01:10:16,111 begging you to save them from the beasts who are preying on them. 637 01:10:16,212 --> 01:10:19,909 To stand by and do nothing, while your flag is taken down and insulted? 638 01:10:20,015 --> 01:10:21,880 Not once, but a dozen times. 639 01:10:21,984 --> 01:10:24,452 And your own house is being looted? 640 01:10:25,421 --> 01:10:28,117 And then to watch the city you have come to love 641 01:10:29,024 --> 01:10:31,584 and the institutions to which you'd planned to devote your best 642 01:10:31,694 --> 01:10:35,357 deliberately and systematically burned by fire? 643 01:10:37,466 --> 01:10:40,367 This is a hell I had never before envisaged. 644 01:10:42,004 --> 01:10:44,529 And we keep asking ourselves, "How long can this last?" 645 01:10:44,640 --> 01:10:48,132 Day by day, we are assured by the officials that things will be better soon, 646 01:10:48,244 --> 01:10:50,303 that "we will do our best." 647 01:10:51,914 --> 01:10:54,314 But each day has been worse than the day before. 648 01:11:00,789 --> 01:11:04,360 (BELL TOLLING) 649 01:11:04,360 --> 01:11:07,420 January 1st, a new year filled with hope. 650 01:11:12,868 --> 01:11:14,699 (SINGING IN JAPANESE) 651 01:11:19,241 --> 01:11:21,903 There was a worship ceremony at 8:30 this morning. 652 01:11:22,011 --> 01:11:26,778 In the solemn air, the trumpets sounded, and the Japanese flag was raised. 653 01:11:26,882 --> 01:11:31,251 It is moving beyond words, with the swords sparkling in the rising sun. 654 01:11:33,155 --> 01:11:34,520 We saluted the military flag, 655 01:11:34,623 --> 01:11:37,649 gave three cheers for our Emperor and Empress. 656 01:11:38,627 --> 01:11:42,495 January 4. It is just three weeks since Nanking was taken, 657 01:11:42,598 --> 01:11:46,625 and, as yet, there has been no foreigner allowed in or out. 658 01:11:46,735 --> 01:11:50,637 The Japanese try to cover things up wherever it's even vaguely feasible. 659 01:11:50,739 --> 01:11:52,934 And the ban on anyone entering or leaving 660 01:11:53,042 --> 01:11:57,411 is one of their ways of keeping the world ignorant of Nanking's present state. 661 01:11:58,580 --> 01:11:59,979 We have now received news 662 01:12:00,082 --> 01:12:04,109 that the Japanese want to close all refugee camps on February 4th. 663 01:12:05,220 --> 01:12:08,519 The refugees are supposed to return to the devastated city. 664 01:12:08,624 --> 01:12:11,855 And it doesn't matter where they live amid the ruins. 665 01:12:11,960 --> 01:12:16,056 This could be awful, but we don't know how to avert this calamity. 666 01:12:16,165 --> 01:12:18,599 The military has all the power. 667 01:12:20,336 --> 01:12:25,968 At 3:00 p.m., two embassy police came and asked us to get all the refugees together 668 01:12:26,075 --> 01:12:30,171 so they could explain to them the plan of returning to their homes. 669 01:12:30,713 --> 01:12:35,412 A Chinese man was with them who used to be a low-level Chinese army officer. 670 01:12:35,517 --> 01:12:39,317 In order not to be killed, he became a Japanese collaborator. 671 01:12:40,189 --> 01:12:45,092 When he was alone with Miss Vautrin, he told her not to let the young girls go. 672 01:12:45,794 --> 01:12:47,591 He wept as he spoke. 673 01:12:47,996 --> 01:12:51,591 Their real object is to get these people away from us, 674 01:12:51,700 --> 01:12:54,635 who have been their protection during these terrible weeks. 675 01:12:55,104 --> 01:12:56,867 If they do not go back, 676 01:12:56,972 --> 01:12:59,998 the refugees in camps will be driven out by soldiers. 677 01:13:00,109 --> 01:13:02,600 CHANG YU ZHENG: Some of the refugees have registered and gone home, 678 01:13:02,711 --> 01:13:04,679 hoping to live there peacefully. 679 01:13:04,780 --> 01:13:07,510 But, unexpectedly, when the refugees arrived home, 680 01:13:07,616 --> 01:13:10,983 Japanese soldiers were seen, hunting for women. 681 01:13:11,220 --> 01:13:13,984 VAUTRIN: I shall never bring pressure on women to leave again. 682 01:13:14,089 --> 01:13:16,853 My experience on that was too bitter. 683 01:13:16,959 --> 01:13:21,862 One woman of 27, whom we urged to go back to her husband, 684 01:13:21,964 --> 01:13:25,923 was raped by three soldiers within three hours after she left us. 685 01:13:26,568 --> 01:13:28,331 I learned my lesson, 686 01:13:29,471 --> 01:13:31,803 and shall not easily forget it. 687 01:13:33,175 --> 01:13:35,234 We have the possibility of a massacre. 688 01:13:35,344 --> 01:13:38,177 But I don't see myself staying out of sight while soldiers use bayonets 689 01:13:38,280 --> 01:13:40,248 on women and children who trusted us. 690 01:13:40,349 --> 01:13:42,681 I scolded two Japanese soldiers. 691 01:13:43,318 --> 01:13:47,618 The fellow in front was taking it all right, but the one in back was a surly fellow. 692 01:13:47,723 --> 01:13:51,250 He drew his bayonet, and then he made a pass at my middle. 693 01:13:51,360 --> 01:13:53,328 I stood my ground. 694 01:13:53,429 --> 01:13:55,294 But since his first pass was unsuccessful, 695 01:13:55,397 --> 01:13:58,730 he took his bayonet and held it to my neck for a moment. 696 01:13:58,834 --> 01:14:02,895 He muttered something in Japanese, and jerked his bayonet forward. 697 01:14:03,005 --> 01:14:06,031 When I ducked my head back, it drew blood. 698 01:14:07,810 --> 01:14:11,507 RABE: I fear that the military intends to clear the Zone by force. 699 01:14:13,182 --> 01:14:16,640 The middle paths are the only open spot left in the garden. 700 01:14:16,752 --> 01:14:18,947 As they come outside, they all fall to their knees, 701 01:14:19,054 --> 01:14:21,887 and cannot be persuaded to get up from the cold cement path 702 01:14:21,990 --> 01:14:24,390 until I give the following speech. 703 01:14:25,761 --> 01:14:27,729 "The Japanese have publicly announced 704 01:14:27,830 --> 01:14:31,527 "that you must leave the refugee camps in the Zone today. 705 01:14:32,568 --> 01:14:37,301 "I personally shall not chase you away, but what can I, a single foreigner, do? 706 01:14:37,973 --> 01:14:41,431 "Nonetheless, I'll try to prevent the Japanese from entering." 707 01:14:53,255 --> 01:14:57,521 When I return home in my car today, I am received with a royal salute. 708 01:14:57,626 --> 01:15:00,595 My poor refugees have formed two long lines. 709 01:15:00,696 --> 01:15:05,429 Then all my 600 parishioners surround me and give me a greeting written on a banner. 710 01:15:05,534 --> 01:15:10,164 They all bow three times, and are very happy when I bow my head in gratitude. 711 01:15:11,106 --> 01:15:13,700 Then one of my Chinese friends translates the greeting. 712 01:15:13,809 --> 01:15:18,303 You are the living Buddha for 100,000 people. 713 01:15:18,413 --> 01:15:22,474 You have saved thousands of people from danger and want. 714 01:15:22,584 --> 01:15:28,045 May the favor of heaven be granted to you. May God's blessing rest upon you. 715 01:15:34,162 --> 01:15:36,995 RABE: As is obvious from the letters that arrived for me yesterday 716 01:15:37,099 --> 01:15:39,192 from Shanghai via the German Embassy, 717 01:15:39,301 --> 01:15:43,135 people there have not the vaguest notion of current conditions here. 718 01:15:43,238 --> 01:15:45,172 And what do we do next? 719 01:15:45,274 --> 01:15:47,504 We've about shot our bolts. 720 01:15:51,280 --> 01:15:54,772 FITCH: At 6:40, I took the Japanese military train to Shanghai. 721 01:15:55,717 --> 01:15:59,483 I was crowded in with about as unsavory a crowd of soldiers as one could imagine 722 01:15:59,588 --> 01:16:00,850 in a third-class coach. 723 01:16:00,956 --> 01:16:04,949 Nervous, because sewed into the lining of my camel's hair greatcoat 724 01:16:05,060 --> 01:16:08,826 were eight reels of 16 mm movie film of atrocity cases, 725 01:16:08,931 --> 01:16:12,731 most of which were taken at the university hospital by John Magee. 726 01:16:12,834 --> 01:16:16,565 They were so terrible that they had to be seen to be believed. 727 01:16:16,672 --> 01:16:19,903 My baggage would undoubtedly be carefully examined by the military 728 01:16:20,008 --> 01:16:22,408 when we got to Shanghai. 729 01:16:22,511 --> 01:16:25,105 What might happen, if they discovered these films? 730 01:17:56,838 --> 01:17:57,998 The pictures shown herewith 731 01:17:58,106 --> 01:18:00,734 give but a fragmentary glimpse of the unspeakable things that happened 732 01:18:00,842 --> 01:18:05,040 following the Japanese occupation of Nanking on December 13, 1937. 733 01:18:06,348 --> 01:18:08,976 One must remember that of the thousands injured, 734 01:18:09,084 --> 01:18:13,248 only a small percentage got to the hospital or were even heard of. 735 01:18:15,223 --> 01:18:18,056 These pictures have been taken with no thought 736 01:18:18,160 --> 01:18:20,822 of stirring up a spirit of hatred against the Japanese, 737 01:18:20,929 --> 01:18:26,458 but only with the desire to make all people realize how horrible war is. 738 01:18:28,470 --> 01:18:31,906 Great care had to be exercised not to be seen while taking pictures. 739 01:18:32,007 --> 01:18:35,807 Otherwise, the camera would have been smashed or confiscated. 740 01:18:37,345 --> 01:18:40,143 Fortunately, the reels weren't discovered. 741 01:18:41,416 --> 01:18:42,610 Washington. 742 01:18:42,718 --> 01:18:45,744 I was the guest of Undersecretary of State, Dr. Stanley Hornbeck, 743 01:18:45,854 --> 01:18:47,185 whom I had known in China, 744 01:18:47,289 --> 01:18:50,053 and I was given the opportunity to see many people of importance. 745 01:18:50,158 --> 01:18:52,649 And I also showed my films to newspapermen 746 01:18:52,761 --> 01:18:54,956 and the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House. 747 01:18:55,063 --> 01:18:57,793 In Los Angeles, a couple of speeches were lined up for me, 748 01:18:57,899 --> 01:19:01,027 and one, where I showed my films, caused something of a sensation, 749 01:19:01,136 --> 01:19:03,331 even illness on the part of a couple of the audience. 750 01:19:04,139 --> 01:19:07,506 And, following the meeting, a Japanese gentleman approached me 751 01:19:07,642 --> 01:19:11,476 and said that my statements about the atrocities in Nanking were not true. 752 01:19:11,580 --> 01:19:17,348 They could not be true, for Japanese were incapable of such acts. 753 01:19:17,452 --> 01:19:20,250 He asked me to retract some of the things I had said, 754 01:19:20,355 --> 01:19:23,791 and intimated that it would be best for me if I did so. 755 01:19:24,826 --> 01:19:27,317 I told him that I had many Japanese friends 756 01:19:27,429 --> 01:19:31,024 and knew that most Japanese were incapable of such acts as I had described. 757 01:19:31,133 --> 01:19:37,436 But, I said, unfortunately, everything I said was true, 758 01:19:37,539 --> 01:19:39,973 and hence, I could retract nothing. 759 01:19:58,059 --> 01:20:01,460 The war has rolled on to engulf a thousand other towns like ours. 760 01:20:01,563 --> 01:20:06,296 This story of invasion, massacre, rape and oppression 761 01:20:06,434 --> 01:20:09,767 will be reenacted among countless communities in China. 762 01:20:11,039 --> 01:20:14,736 Nanking looks like a garden that's been devoured by locusts. 763 01:20:15,377 --> 01:20:18,346 The enemy creates a desert and calls it peace. 764 01:20:23,151 --> 01:20:24,618 At the conclusion of World War II, 765 01:20:24,719 --> 01:20:28,348 the Allies convened a War Crimes Tribunal in Tokyo. 766 01:20:28,456 --> 01:20:30,117 From the summary judgment, 767 01:20:30,225 --> 01:20:33,285 approximately 20,000 cases of rape occurred in Nanking 768 01:20:33,395 --> 01:20:36,296 within the first month of the occupation. 769 01:20:36,398 --> 01:20:39,856 Estimates indicate that the total number of civilians and prisoners of war 770 01:20:39,968 --> 01:20:41,799 murdered in Nanking and its vicinity 771 01:20:41,903 --> 01:20:44,667 during the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation 772 01:20:44,773 --> 01:20:46,536 was over 200,000. 773 01:21:07,662 --> 01:21:09,289 (COMMANDING IN JAPANESE) 774 01:21:16,271 --> 01:21:17,238 (SHOUTING IN JAPANESE) 775 01:21:25,947 --> 01:21:27,778 (SHOUTING IN JAPANESE) 776 01:21:32,354 --> 01:21:34,788 SMYTHE: Do I hate the Japanese? No. 777 01:21:36,424 --> 01:21:39,951 I dislike very much their policy, and I dislike very much 778 01:21:40,061 --> 01:21:42,655 the way they are treating the common people of China. 779 01:21:42,764 --> 01:21:46,222 But if I am ever given the opportunity of doing the same for the Japanese 780 01:21:46,334 --> 01:21:49,303 as we have done here for the Chinese men, women and children, 781 01:21:49,404 --> 01:21:51,895 I would do the same right over again. 782 01:21:53,575 --> 01:21:54,542 (LI SU FEN SPEAKING CHINESE) 783 01:22:17,132 --> 01:22:21,626 VAUTRIN: I have deeply loved and respected the cause of missions and Ginling College. 784 01:22:22,103 --> 01:22:27,302 Had I 10 lives, I would dedicate them all to this cause of kingdom-building. 785 01:22:29,711 --> 01:22:32,680 But alas, I have failed. 786 01:22:35,884 --> 01:22:36,851 (WU ZHENG XI SPEAKING CHINESE) 787 01:22:51,466 --> 01:22:52,694 WILSON: Dearest, 788 01:22:53,435 --> 01:22:56,029 don't think for a moment that I wouldn't give my right eye 789 01:22:56,137 --> 01:22:59,436 to be with you and our unbelievably adorable child. 790 01:23:00,342 --> 01:23:04,210 We have been caught up in a cataclysm, and during the immediate crisis, 791 01:23:04,312 --> 01:23:07,076 until some light gets thrown upon future events, 792 01:23:07,182 --> 01:23:09,776 it is absolutely essential to sit tight. 793 01:23:21,763 --> 01:23:22,821 (ZHOU JI MU SPEAKING CHINESE) 794 01:23:31,439 --> 01:23:34,033 RABE: I do not regret having stayed on here. 795 01:23:34,976 --> 01:23:37,740 For my presence has saved many lives. 796 01:23:38,813 --> 01:23:42,476 But all the same, my suffering is indescribable. 797 01:23:45,286 --> 01:23:46,253 (XIA SHU QIN SPEAKING CHINESE) 798 01:24:40,308 --> 01:24:41,275 (ZHOU JI MU SPEAKING CHINESE) 799 01:25:09,504 --> 01:25:13,702 FITCH: The Chinese have an unsurpassed capacity for suffering and endurance, 800 01:25:14,309 --> 01:25:16,675 in addition to their many other qualities, 801 01:25:16,811 --> 01:25:19,439 and right must triumph in the end. 802 01:25:20,748 --> 01:25:24,013 I shall always be glad I threw in my lot with them.