1 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:35,100 It has to be back to the beginning. Is that what he's doing? 2 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:36,520 Yes, yes. 3 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:39,120 Good. 4 00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:44,740 One thing I have to know before we start. 5 00:00:44,840 --> 00:00:46,400 When did you meet him? 6 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:47,920 Back then? 7 00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:52,100 In 1963 you're talking about. What did you make of him? 8 00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:54,220 We didn't. We didn't meet him. 9 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:56,640 He was in England, we were in New Jersey. 10 00:00:58,040 --> 00:00:59,480 Wait a minute… 11 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:03,740 We didn't even know he existed. Did we know he existed? 12 00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:06,880 We had no idea who he was, Stephen Hawking. Who's he? 13 00:01:09,200 --> 00:01:12,800 - Fifteen years ago Bob. - Can you believe it? - Time flies, huh... 14 00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:26,300 There was no beginning of the universe. 15 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:33,160 Past, present, future, the universe has always existed, and it always will. 16 00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:35,400 - Stephen? - It stays the same. 17 00:01:35,560 --> 00:01:36,800 Stephen?! 18 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:53,040 What is it? 19 00:01:54,200 --> 00:01:55,560 What is it?? 20 00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:02,000 OK wait, how long we got here? 21 00:02:03,600 --> 00:02:07,600 I don't wanna be late, Arno Penzias was late for his Nobel Prize? I don't think so. 22 00:02:09,840 --> 00:02:11,800 - Are we filming now? - Yes. 23 00:02:12,800 --> 00:02:20,680 I swear to you, that this is the most profound thing you will hear in your entire life. 24 00:02:21,160 --> 00:02:23,920 The sound or the story? 25 00:02:24,760 --> 00:02:26,720 The sound or the story? 26 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:29,440 What's the difference? 27 00:02:43,240 --> 00:02:46,220 There you are. Your mother sent me to find you. 28 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:53,880 --a new matter, which is being created to replace old matter, this process has always existed and will continue forever. 29 00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:57,760 Nothing changes, nothing has ever changed. 30 00:03:02,520 --> 00:03:04,540 It's my theory. 31 00:03:04,640 --> 00:03:07,020 And I've given it a name. 32 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:10,760 I've called it "steady state". 33 00:03:14,720 --> 00:03:16,920 - Good night. - Good night professor Hoyle. 34 00:03:18,000 --> 00:03:19,400 That's Hoyle? 35 00:03:20,560 --> 00:03:21,600 That's Hoyle. 36 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:28,580 - Hello. - Hello. Who are you? 37 00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:30,000 I'm Jane Wilde. 38 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:33,600 - We haven't, have we? - No. 39 00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:36,200 I'm a friend of Stephen's. 40 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:41,000 We met at another party and he invited me to this party. 41 00:03:41,200 --> 00:03:42,120 Isobel! 42 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:51,240 Hello. 43 00:03:52,960 --> 00:03:54,840 - How are you? - Fine. 44 00:03:56,800 --> 00:03:58,940 Good. You? 45 00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:02,600 - I'm still fine, thanks! - Sorry. 46 00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:04,480 Your um….your... 47 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:07,400 Oh no, thanks. Thank you very much. 48 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:16,080 - Oh, they're a terrible fiddle, aren't they. - Yes. Terrible. 49 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:20,480 Thanks. 50 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:40,720 Stephen! 51 00:04:42,520 --> 00:04:48,720 It's a party. People might want to dance. You can't dance to Wagner. 52 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:07,480 To Stephen! 53 00:05:14,000 --> 00:05:15,200 Happy birthday. 54 00:05:16,560 --> 00:05:18,800 - Should we go outside? - What? 55 00:05:28,720 --> 00:05:32,640 It makes me feel...small. Very small. 56 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:35,420 All that out there. Us, here. 57 00:05:35,520 --> 00:05:41,680 Don't worry. Galileo was wrong. St. Albans is absolutely the centre of the universe. 58 00:05:42,400 --> 00:05:47,100 - Galileo died, 321 years ago today. - On your birthday? 59 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:49,520 Changed the way we thought about everything. 60 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:52,200 People are frightened of change. 61 00:05:52,960 --> 00:05:56,700 My father and I used to come out here in the middle of the night to look at stars. 62 00:05:56,800 --> 00:05:59,300 I actually saw a star die once. 63 00:05:59,400 --> 00:06:06,800 Course it actually happened about 200 000 years ago, but the news didn't reach St. Albans until 1956 - light's fast, but it isn't that fast. 64 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:10,560 Sorry. Physics. 65 00:06:11,520 --> 00:06:14,580 They're all so far away. But they don't seem it, I mean, 66 00:06:14,680 --> 00:06:17,840 you feel like you might stretch and reach and you might just touch them. 67 00:06:17,880 --> 00:06:21,060 Better hurry up with your stretching and reaching because they're getting further away. 68 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:22,100 What? 69 00:06:22,200 --> 00:06:23,540 The galaxy is moving away from us. 70 00:06:23,640 --> 00:06:28,600 The closer ones at about six million miles an hour and the distant ones at about two hundred million miles an hour. 71 00:06:29,280 --> 00:06:30,880 I believe in God. 72 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:36,480 - Oh sorry, I just wanted to say it, I don't know why. - It's alright. 73 00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:41,960 You said you felt small. Does God make you feel less small? 74 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:48,380 There's nothing wrong with feeling in science, feeling matters. All the best ideas are felt and argued about later. 75 00:06:48,480 --> 00:06:52,300 Einstein said he could feel in his little finger if an idea was right. 76 00:06:52,400 --> 00:06:55,680 - So you're in good company. And you like Wagner. - Actually... 77 00:06:56,720 --> 00:07:01,900 - No, I don't. I think he's ... - What? 78 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:05,320 Pompous. And ridiculous. 79 00:07:06,320 --> 00:07:09,440 - Who do you like then? - Rachmaninoff. 80 00:07:12,400 --> 00:07:14,120 - What? - Nothing. 81 00:07:14,720 --> 00:07:16,580 Brahms? 82 00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:19,200 - Stephen? - I didn't say anything. 83 00:07:21,680 --> 00:07:24,300 - The Beatles. - Who? 84 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:26,280 - Nevermind. - Jane? 85 00:07:26,800 --> 00:07:27,800 Yes? 86 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:30,760 - Please, please me. - What? 87 00:07:32,080 --> 00:07:34,200 Love me, do. 88 00:07:40,400 --> 00:07:42,400 We should go in. 89 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:48,320 - I can't get up. - Come on. 90 00:07:48,520 --> 00:07:51,400 - I can't! - Very funny! 91 00:07:52,200 --> 00:07:53,960 I can't get up Jane! 92 00:07:57,600 --> 00:07:58,900 I'll go and get help. 93 00:07:59,000 --> 00:08:04,880 Hello? Jane? Hello? Can you hear me? 94 00:08:07,960 --> 00:08:10,100 - What's wrong with you? - I can't get up. 95 00:08:10,200 --> 00:08:13,200 Well, give me your hand. 96 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:21,720 - Will it hurt? - The truth? Yes. 97 00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:24,440 A little bit more. 98 00:08:26,400 --> 00:08:28,400 That's good. Now hold, hold still. 99 00:08:45,400 --> 00:08:49,200 This might be a little bit more uncomfortable. 100 00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:02,520 - How old are you Stephen? - I'm 21. 101 00:09:05,120 --> 00:09:08,620 - How old are You? - I'm older than you. 102 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:13,000 - How much older? - I'm 33. 103 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:16,880 Same age as Marilyn Monroe in Some like it hot. 104 00:09:18,480 --> 00:09:20,000 And what do you do? 105 00:09:20,200 --> 00:09:25,500 Oh no, wait let me guess. Umm, insurance salesman? Or banking maybe? 106 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:29,200 - I'm a…I'm a cosmologist. - Oh, good for you! 107 00:09:30,640 --> 00:09:32,780 Just started my PhD. 108 00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:36,200 Or rather I've just started to think about what my PhD might be. 109 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:40,720 Now this will take about five minutes. 110 00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:46,940 Sometimes it helps to talk about something completely different. 111 00:09:47,040 --> 00:09:49,700 To take your mind off all this. 112 00:09:49,800 --> 00:09:54,200 And then your time suspended in space will pass more quickly. 113 00:09:56,800 --> 00:10:01,580 - Time and space do not exist independently of each other. - Is that so? 114 00:10:01,680 --> 00:10:03,280 Or the universe. 115 00:10:03,920 --> 00:10:05,280 Really? 116 00:10:07,200 --> 00:10:13,200 Matter and energy in the universe warp and distort space-time. 117 00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:19,880 Space-time's curved. 118 00:10:50,920 --> 00:10:52,200 Hello? 119 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:58,400 No. No, we don't know. 120 00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:00,960 Lots of tests. 121 00:11:03,000 --> 00:11:05,200 Yes he is. Goodbye. 122 00:11:07,240 --> 00:11:10,840 - Who was it? - The girl from the party. 123 00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:34,620 The x-ray of your spine with the dye in shows that you don't have anything pressing on your spinal cord. 124 00:11:34,720 --> 00:11:38,720 - That's good isn't it? - It's a process of elimination. 125 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:47,620 You were a team. 126 00:11:47,720 --> 00:11:50,560 I mean you're both getting the Nobel Prize this evening. 127 00:11:53,200 --> 00:11:55,300 I put him up for the job. 128 00:11:55,400 --> 00:11:58,040 And they wouldn't let me in on an interview. 129 00:11:58,840 --> 00:12:00,220 So I loitered around. 130 00:12:00,320 --> 00:12:03,780 And when Bob and the interview committee came out doing their handshakes 131 00:12:03,880 --> 00:12:08,200 and thank you for coming and we'll let you know, I moved in. 132 00:12:09,200 --> 00:12:13,280 You gave him the job, right? You gave Bob the job, didn't you? 133 00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:19,860 There was this kind of embarrassed pause, so I told them straight. 134 00:12:19,960 --> 00:12:26,220 Bob and I are gonna walk down the corridor right here and right out that door right there. 135 00:12:26,320 --> 00:12:32,920 And if you don't want Bob to have a job that he was born to do, then you call it before we go through that door. 136 00:12:34,560 --> 00:12:37,340 - Longest walk of my life. - Sixty two paces. 137 00:12:37,440 --> 00:12:39,240 And we never looked back. 138 00:13:03,680 --> 00:13:06,100 - They won't tell me what they're thinking. - Doctors don't. 139 00:13:06,200 --> 00:13:09,500 - They don't know themselves yet. - I'm a doctor, Isobel, I know what they're like. 140 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:12,760 - You're tropical disease expert, dad. - I know doctors! 141 00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:17,400 - What Isobel? - Nothing. 142 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:19,700 I'll arrange for you to have a private room. 143 00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:21,100 No. 144 00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:23,520 I'll stay on the ward like everyone else. 145 00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:15,440 So, have you applied for Oxford or Cambridge? 146 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:18,480 They don't want me. 147 00:14:18,520 --> 00:14:20,600 I was thinking of Westfield. 148 00:14:21,280 --> 00:14:23,680 It's an all ladies college. 149 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:29,420 On the Burton model, I suppose. 150 00:14:29,520 --> 00:14:31,280 And..and it's quite… 151 00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:35,160 Scrabble. Let's play scrabble. 152 00:14:48,640 --> 00:14:49,520 Leukaemia. 153 00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:53,800 He's twelve. 154 00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:08,420 It was beautiful. 155 00:15:08,520 --> 00:15:12,220 I came out of the woods and there it was. A perfect piece of equipment. 156 00:15:12,320 --> 00:15:13,460 The antenna. 157 00:15:13,560 --> 00:15:17,900 A great big horn like a gramophone horn lying on its side. 158 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,220 The size of a house. 159 00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:24,080 In the middle of a field, on a hill, 20 miles out of New York City. 160 00:15:25,080 --> 00:15:27,260 - Picking up the hiss. - Pointing at the stars. 161 00:15:27,360 --> 00:15:28,620 And picking up the hiss. 162 00:15:28,720 --> 00:15:30,800 And at the first time I saw that horn, you know what? 163 00:15:31,520 --> 00:15:33,700 - Well, they flew right out of her. - Who? 164 00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:34,660 The pigeons. 165 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:37,860 The twenty foot horn had a couple of pigeons living inside it. 166 00:15:37,960 --> 00:15:39,600 - Pigeons? - Pigeons! 167 00:15:39,640 --> 00:15:43,320 What was it for, the 20 foot horn? Apart from pigeon nesting. 168 00:15:43,920 --> 00:15:46,540 We wanted to measure noise from the outer edges of the Milky Way. 169 00:15:46,640 --> 00:15:49,260 - Arno built a cold load. - What's that? 170 00:15:49,360 --> 00:15:53,020 - Five imperial gallons of liquid helium. - You know how much helium that is? 171 00:15:53,120 --> 00:15:54,460 It's a hell of a quantity of helium. 172 00:15:54,560 --> 00:15:58,860 Gives you an unbelievably accurate reference against which you can measure the noise you receive. 173 00:15:58,960 --> 00:16:02,100 Arno was very precise. He makes these things better than anyone. 174 00:16:02,200 --> 00:16:04,940 - Maybe it's the German in me. - You're German? 175 00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:07,920 First six years of my life and a big chunk of my temperament. 176 00:16:10,800 --> 00:16:12,080 Bob made a great switch. 177 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:15,660 To connect the receiver alternately to the antenna and the cold load reference. 178 00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:17,400 Were you born in Germany? 179 00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:22,160 - When? The 1940's? - No. 1930's. 180 00:16:22,720 --> 00:16:23,900 Noise is heat. 181 00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:27,680 The higher the heat the more intense the noise. 182 00:16:27,720 --> 00:16:30,860 You may wanna ask, did we get noise? 183 00:16:30,960 --> 00:16:33,920 We got a lot of noise. Which means a lot of heat. 184 00:16:33,960 --> 00:16:36,820 Far more than a Milky Way should have given us. 185 00:16:36,920 --> 00:16:38,900 That was our work from then on in. 186 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:43,520 Day after day, what's all this heat? What the hell is this hiss?! 187 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:05,400 Died in the night, poor lamb. 188 00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:23,420 What's happening to me? 189 00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:28,040 - Usually, I would sit down with the patient and his family… - Please. 190 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:33,400 Motor neurone disease. 191 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:37,100 What, what is it, what happens? 192 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:42,880 Motor neurones in the brain, which signal movement, they are dying. 193 00:17:42,920 --> 00:17:43,840 So? 194 00:17:44,320 --> 00:17:54,300 The brain stops telling muscles to move, the signal's not sent, the muscles are not used, so they waste away slowly. 195 00:17:54,400 --> 00:17:59,860 - How slowly? - Muscle wastage causes immobility. 196 00:17:59,960 --> 00:18:04,500 - How slowly? - It's gradual paralysis. 197 00:18:04,600 --> 00:18:07,280 And then, then what? 198 00:18:07,320 --> 00:18:10,980 The respiratory muscles unlike most other muscles, work automatically. 199 00:18:11,080 --> 00:18:16,100 - Breathing. - Yes. They don't waste away so quickly. 200 00:18:16,200 --> 00:18:19,680 - But they do, they do waste away. - Yes. 201 00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:25,680 So what, I won't be able to breathe properly? 202 00:18:26,920 --> 00:18:31,440 Or I won't be able to breathe at all, something like, um, drowning? 203 00:18:32,640 --> 00:18:34,600 What about the brain, I mean the brain itself? 204 00:18:36,400 --> 00:18:38,200 Untouched. 205 00:18:39,280 --> 00:18:41,200 The brain is left untouched. 206 00:19:49,800 --> 00:19:52,560 He's young, that'll work in his favour. 207 00:19:54,200 --> 00:19:55,280 Frank? 208 00:19:58,720 --> 00:20:07,160 I remember when he was about eight years old and we were in the garden with a telescope. 209 00:20:08,520 --> 00:20:12,900 And Stephen said to me: where do stars come from? 210 00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:15,680 I didn't know the answer. 211 00:20:16,200 --> 00:20:20,620 And you called him into bed and... 212 00:20:20,720 --> 00:20:24,320 ...he wanted to know the answer to his question very badly. 213 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:31,840 And I said not to worry, I'd find out for him. 214 00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:38,320 I never did. 215 00:20:41,760 --> 00:20:46,100 - You've never been a sentimental man, Frank. - No. 216 00:20:46,200 --> 00:20:51,200 - I don't think we can afford for you to start now. - I looked it up. 217 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:57,320 The younger you are when you get motor neurone disease, the quicker the deterioration. 218 00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:01,200 Being young is a… 219 00:21:02,320 --> 00:21:04,280 ...is a bad thing Isobel. 220 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,640 Two years probably, no more. 221 00:21:13,680 --> 00:21:17,200 - Then we must support him. - Yes. 222 00:21:19,400 --> 00:21:23,260 You do it by carrying on! 223 00:21:23,360 --> 00:21:27,500 You do it, by living and carrying on! 224 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:32,920 He's going back to Cambridge, to his life. 225 00:21:33,120 --> 00:21:35,700 - Do you know what Hoyle says? - What? 226 00:21:35,800 --> 00:21:39,620 If you could drive the car straight upwards, you'd reach space in half an hour. 227 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:41,840 How long to drive around the Milky Way? 228 00:21:42,160 --> 00:21:46,220 You multiply the diameter of the galaxy by the distance of one light year. 229 00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:48,880 - Easy. - The calculation? 230 00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:52,360 The car. Just been to India and back, remember? 231 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:58,220 - How long does it take to complete a PhD? - Depends on the subject. 232 00:21:58,320 --> 00:22:01,840 - With the fair-wind? - With the fair-wind and a good brain, two years. 233 00:22:03,800 --> 00:22:07,360 - What's the name of your supervisor? - Sciama. Dennis Sciama. 234 00:22:10,840 --> 00:22:18,880 5 869 713,6 million miles - around the Milky Way. 235 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:25,380 The heat we were receiving from out there, should have been two degrees colder than the cold load, the reference. 236 00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:28,860 - But it was hotter, three degrees hotter. - Hotter than the Milky Way could produce. 237 00:22:28,960 --> 00:22:31,860 Hotter than the sum of all the galaxies beyond. So we think.. 238 00:22:31,960 --> 00:22:33,700 It had to be something closer to home. 239 00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:37,220 We had an idea. Was that you who had the idea? 240 00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:43,100 I don't remember. Oh we had a whole laundry list of ideas. Maybe it was me. Maybe it was you. 241 00:22:43,200 --> 00:22:44,200 You were a team. 242 00:22:45,440 --> 00:22:48,080 - Maybe it was me. - What was the idea? 243 00:22:48,800 --> 00:22:54,460 There was some high-altitude bomb testing back in the 50's. Maybe it's the leftover radiation, maybe our hiss is fallout. 244 00:22:54,560 --> 00:22:57,020 But it would've diminished over the time and what we were getting… 245 00:22:57,120 --> 00:23:01,040 - Totally constant. No diminishing. - Back to the laundry list. 246 00:24:10,480 --> 00:24:12,200 Sciama. 247 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:15,680 Dennis, yes. 248 00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:21,400 I don't know. S-H-A-R-M-A? 249 00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:25,040 Um, I think it's Italian. 250 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:17,200 Dennis Sciama? 251 00:25:17,920 --> 00:25:19,680 - Yes? - Frank Hawking. 252 00:25:59,160 --> 00:26:00,200 Hello, young man. 253 00:26:03,680 --> 00:26:06,400 - Do I know you? - Stephen Hawking. 254 00:26:08,080 --> 00:26:12,740 - I applied for you to supervise my PhD. - Too busy was I? 255 00:26:12,840 --> 00:26:14,400 Yes I think so. 256 00:26:16,640 --> 00:26:20,500 - Brains, balls and cash. - I'm sorry? 257 00:26:20,600 --> 00:26:23,380 Physics, in this country, it's a battlefield and a bloody one. 258 00:26:23,480 --> 00:26:27,780 You need brains, which ought to be enough, but it isn't cause you need cash to fund whatever you're brain's working on,... 259 00:26:27,880 --> 00:26:32,400 ...and to get cash out of anyone in this country you need balls, because they'll try and stop you. 260 00:26:33,680 --> 00:26:34,660 You'll see. 261 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:36,200 You found a subject? 262 00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:39,160 Any ideas? 263 00:26:41,200 --> 00:26:45,200 - I don't know yet. - Well when you do, remember this. 264 00:26:45,640 --> 00:26:51,400 You'll have to fight for what you believe in tooth and nail or the buggers will stop you. 265 00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:07,700 Physics means everything to him. I want him to be happy, Mr. Sciama. 266 00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:12,980 - What can I do? - I want you to set him a question that he can...finish. 267 00:27:13,080 --> 00:27:19,200 Something easy enough for him to finish…before he dies. 268 00:27:20,200 --> 00:27:23,720 Could you do that? Please? 269 00:27:27,080 --> 00:27:31,680 My students and my science are everything to me. 270 00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:34,720 I try to be true to both. 271 00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:40,920 Which is why I can't do what you ask me Dr. Hawking. 272 00:27:43,320 --> 00:27:44,240 I'm sorry. 273 00:27:56,560 --> 00:28:01,740 Cosmology. The ghetto science. All speculation and no proof. 274 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:02,900 The ghetto science? 275 00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:04,940 How did we get here, where are we going, what is time? 276 00:28:05,040 --> 00:28:07,560 - It asks all the big questions. - Stephen! 277 00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,820 Have you got a subject? Have you brought a big idea back with you? 278 00:28:11,920 --> 00:28:14,460 - No. - Plenty of time. Plenty of time. 279 00:28:14,560 --> 00:28:17,340 The greatest achievement of physics in the twentieth century - 280 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:22,060 Rutherford, Oppenheimer, what have they given us? The atomic bomb? 281 00:28:22,160 --> 00:28:25,500 What's the point in asking, how we got here and where are we going, 282 00:28:25,600 --> 00:28:29,020 if Einstein and your mob have already got us ready for anything. 283 00:28:29,120 --> 00:28:33,200 Blaming Einstein for that is like blaming Isaac Newton for plane crashes because he discovered gravity. 284 00:28:33,400 --> 00:28:38,340 Very clever, very smart. But smartness isn't the real world, is it? 285 00:28:38,440 --> 00:28:42,400 - Cosmologists aren't interested in the real world. - You see that girl? 286 00:28:43,160 --> 00:28:47,280 - What about her? - Stephen's going to make her fall in love with him. 287 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:51,960 - Using only Einstein's theory of relativity. - What??? 288 00:28:52,360 --> 00:28:55,840 - A pound says it can't be done. - I really don't think this is a good idea. 289 00:28:56,040 --> 00:28:59,200 The honour and integrity of our entire subject is at stake here. 290 00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:03,200 Alright, alright, I'll do it. 291 00:29:03,520 --> 00:29:04,860 One gin and tonic and I think that's - 292 00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:06,360 Excuse me, have you got the time please? 293 00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:10,200 I make it half past seven. What time do you make it? 294 00:29:10,840 --> 00:29:13,600 - You already know the time. - I know my time. 295 00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:16,600 Are you trying to be funny? 296 00:29:17,160 --> 00:29:19,680 Time's not a universal quantity. 297 00:29:20,080 --> 00:29:26,220 We used to think that it was, we used to think that it was just there, marching on at the same pace for everyone everywhere,... 298 00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:29,300 ...like a railway track that stretched to infinity. 299 00:29:29,400 --> 00:29:33,520 Time was eternal. Now we know that it isn't. 300 00:29:35,200 --> 00:29:38,200 - Wow. - You have to know this is incredibly important. 301 00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:43,280 Time's not a background thing, it's not an absolute, it can switch, 302 00:29:43,320 --> 00:29:46,080 everything else is measured. It's dynamic. 303 00:29:46,520 --> 00:29:49,140 - Dynamic? - Active. 304 00:29:49,240 --> 00:29:50,940 - Active? - Wonderful. 305 00:29:51,040 --> 00:29:53,820 If you were to travel East very very quickly - 306 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:57,380 - Out of sight, to the Far East? - The Far far East. 307 00:29:57,480 --> 00:29:59,300 Oh completely out of sight. 308 00:29:59,400 --> 00:30:05,520 Yes, completely out of sight. And I stayed here your time would slow down relative to mine. 309 00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:14,320 - Like I'd get really really slow... - If you went very very fast. 310 00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:22,080 If I went very very fast, I'd get really really slow. 311 00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:24,800 Your time would, relative to mine. 312 00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:28,320 Totally out of sight. 313 00:30:33,120 --> 00:30:34,800 Time's very important. 314 00:30:40,640 --> 00:30:46,800 - What star sign are you? - What? I don't know. 315 00:30:52,480 --> 00:30:54,560 - You alright? - Fine. 316 00:30:56,200 --> 00:30:58,160 - Beer? - Yes please. 317 00:31:03,920 --> 00:31:06,040 Did you want another? 318 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:08,300 Who is that? 319 00:31:08,400 --> 00:31:12,700 Roger Penrose. Brilliant brain. He'll be a professor within three years. 320 00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:14,480 Sorry, could I? 321 00:31:15,620 --> 00:31:16,880 The thing is just then, um... 322 00:31:17,205 --> 00:31:18,805 I was thinking about mathematics and not beer, 323 00:31:18,830 --> 00:31:20,830 and sometimes when I'm thinking in a number of different dimensions 324 00:31:20,840 --> 00:31:23,040 I can't come back very quickly to words and beer, 325 00:31:23,050 --> 00:31:24,650 and whether I want more of it. 326 00:31:24,660 --> 00:31:26,400 It's because of the pictures in my head, uh... 327 00:31:26,425 --> 00:31:29,125 I don't know how to make the words come. You see... 328 00:31:30,200 --> 00:31:32,720 - Pint or...? - Yes, please. 329 00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:50,340 Poor orchestration, overly romantic, Wagner despised him. 330 00:32:50,440 --> 00:32:51,660 The feeling was mutual. 331 00:32:51,760 --> 00:32:54,420 - What? - Brahms despised Wagner. 332 00:32:54,520 --> 00:32:56,340 Well you can't get compare the two. For one thing the... 333 00:32:56,440 --> 00:32:58,160 - Stephen! - Yes? 334 00:32:58,200 --> 00:32:59,520 Hello. 335 00:33:01,680 --> 00:33:02,640 Hello. 336 00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:13,200 - Are you alright? - I'm fine. 337 00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:35,600 - Denmark's a prison. - Then is the world one. 338 00:33:35,640 --> 00:33:41,220 A goodly one; in which there are many confines, wards and dungeons. Denmark being o' of the worst. 339 00:33:41,320 --> 00:33:43,740 We think not so, my Lord. 340 00:33:43,840 --> 00:33:49,900 Why then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: 341 00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:51,540 to me it is a prison. 342 00:33:51,640 --> 00:33:56,240 Why then your ambition makes it one; 'tis too narrow for your mind. 343 00:33:57,400 --> 00:34:04,140 Oh God, I cold be bounded in a nut shell, and count myself a king of infinite space, 344 00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:06,880 were it not that I have bad dreams. 345 00:34:11,800 --> 00:34:13,080 What are you thinking? 346 00:34:14,080 --> 00:34:19,100 - I was...thinking about Einstein and relativity. - Oh! 347 00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:21,200 - And stars. - Oh. 348 00:34:21,960 --> 00:34:25,580 It's possible for a perfect star to collapse into nothingness. 349 00:34:25,680 --> 00:34:28,480 If it's a perfect sphere then it can collapse and become infinitely dense, 350 00:34:28,520 --> 00:34:33,420 so dense that everything is pulled down into nothing. But the conditions have to be right. 351 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:35,200 What conditions? 352 00:34:35,840 --> 00:34:48,140 If it is a perfect sphere, if the place be very moving, if the evening's very beautiful, the conditions have to be ideal. 353 00:34:48,240 --> 00:34:53,200 It's possible for the pull of gravity to stop everything escaping. 354 00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:56,160 Everything in nothing. 355 00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:02,900 - Oh no! - Wasn't that bad, was it? 356 00:35:03,000 --> 00:35:05,500 My bag, I left it in the theatre. 357 00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:07,000 Ah... 358 00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:11,400 Shall we? 359 00:35:15,320 --> 00:35:17,880 Oh we can see a star, look. There, you see? 360 00:35:20,200 --> 00:35:21,520 Found it! 361 00:35:29,440 --> 00:35:34,220 Hamlet doesn't act. That's his fatal flaw, if he acted, if he did something - 362 00:35:34,320 --> 00:35:37,160 - It would be a shorter play. - He'd save his life. 363 00:36:41,720 --> 00:36:43,440 Everybody wants Fred. 364 00:36:45,200 --> 00:36:47,200 I've been thinking about a subject for you. 365 00:36:49,120 --> 00:36:51,400 - Faraday rotation. - Boring. 366 00:36:53,320 --> 00:36:57,800 - Mach's principle? - Formulations I've seen are not well defined. 367 00:36:59,920 --> 00:37:02,520 - They're my formulations. - Action! 368 00:37:04,360 --> 00:37:07,060 The universe expands. 369 00:37:07,160 --> 00:37:14,540 As galaxies move apart, new galaxies are formed to fill the gaps left behind. 370 00:37:14,640 --> 00:37:19,100 The new replaces the old at just the right rate. 371 00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:21,340 Nothing changes. 372 00:37:21,440 --> 00:37:28,620 Wherever you are in the universe; Andromeda, Mars or Scarborough, it always looks the same. 373 00:37:28,720 --> 00:37:30,200 Because it is the same. 374 00:37:31,520 --> 00:37:33,680 I want to do something significant. 375 00:37:34,040 --> 00:37:39,220 The universe is a steady state universe. 376 00:37:39,320 --> 00:37:41,740 - It is very attractive, steady state, right? - Cut! Thank you. 377 00:37:41,840 --> 00:37:45,100 - And reassuring. - Yes. 378 00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:47,900 Maybe it's attractive because its reassuring. 379 00:37:48,000 --> 00:37:53,300 Emotionally its far harder to conceive of a universe that's started, a universe that hasn't always been around. 380 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:57,900 - Einstein? - Look what he did when his work looked like it was predicting there was a beginning to the universe. 381 00:37:58,000 --> 00:37:59,940 He ran away from the prospect to the beginning. 382 00:38:00,040 --> 00:38:04,140 No because he saw that the beginning would mean a breakdown of all the laws of science. 383 00:38:04,240 --> 00:38:07,460 How can science explain something that isn't there? 384 00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:09,740 That's the thing about the idea of a Big Bang. 385 00:38:09,840 --> 00:38:13,580 The thing about the idea of a Big Bang is that it's wrong. Irrational and wrong. 386 00:38:13,680 --> 00:38:17,780 It's my term, Big Bang. I made it up. Do you know why I called it that? 387 00:38:17,880 --> 00:38:22,540 Because it sounds like a cartoon. Big Bang theory is cartoon physics. 388 00:38:22,640 --> 00:38:25,280 Dennis agrees, with me, don't you Dennis? Lunch? 389 00:38:27,200 --> 00:38:29,940 - The Pope was a Big Bang man. - Because? 390 00:38:30,040 --> 00:38:33,860 Because before the Big Bang, there was nothing! 391 00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:37,220 No space, no time, no matter. 392 00:38:37,320 --> 00:38:45,420 No science, no rules, which leaves room for guess who? Lord God almighty. 393 00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:49,140 Religion is the enemy of science, young man. 394 00:38:49,240 --> 00:38:53,080 If Catholicism had its way, we would all still be living on a flat Earth at the centre of the universe 395 00:38:53,120 --> 00:38:55,960 with hell down below and heaven just somewhere to the left of the moon. 396 00:38:57,560 --> 00:39:00,900 This is 1963. God is dead. 397 00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:03,200 Stay away from Big Bangs, cartoons are bad for you. 398 00:39:09,360 --> 00:39:11,700 - White dielectric material. - I'm sorry? 399 00:39:11,800 --> 00:39:13,560 Lots of it. Inside the antenna horn. 400 00:39:13,600 --> 00:39:15,620 It had to be it. It had to be the cause of the hiss. 401 00:39:15,720 --> 00:39:18,060 - White dielectric material? - Yes. 402 00:39:18,160 --> 00:39:20,620 Pigeon shit. All over the horn. 403 00:39:20,720 --> 00:39:22,720 - You know what we did? - Unbelievable. 404 00:39:23,160 --> 00:39:24,900 - What did you do? - We posted them. 405 00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:26,720 - The pigeons? - We posted the pigeons. 406 00:39:26,760 --> 00:39:29,900 The people we work for had internal mail and offices all over America. 407 00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:32,100 We posted the pigeons as far away as we could send them. 408 00:39:32,200 --> 00:39:33,700 - Did it work? - They came home. 409 00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:36,860 - They were homing pigeons. - They weren't ready to leave. 410 00:39:36,960 --> 00:39:38,200 So what did you do? 411 00:39:39,440 --> 00:39:43,420 - He....he, um... - We...had the pigeons shot. 412 00:39:43,520 --> 00:39:46,820 - No, Bob had the pigeons shot. - You killed the pigeons? 413 00:39:46,920 --> 00:39:49,060 - A technician. - A technician killed the pigeons. 414 00:39:49,160 --> 00:39:52,260 And then we cleared out all the white dielectric material from inside the horn. 415 00:39:52,360 --> 00:39:56,960 On our hands and knees in our white lab coats, inside the horn scraping away the white stuff. 416 00:39:57,000 --> 00:39:59,200 - And? - The pigeons were innocent. 417 00:40:01,240 --> 00:40:06,480 The hiss was still there. The pigeon shit was not the hiss. 418 00:40:09,320 --> 00:40:11,440 Is that alright? Can I say that on television? 419 00:40:15,400 --> 00:40:16,800 What am I doing wrong Dennis? 420 00:40:21,640 --> 00:40:23,320 - Dennis? - Yeah. 421 00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:30,240 - Do you hink I could have some more paper? - Dennis's study. You know where it is. 422 00:40:32,200 --> 00:40:35,220 It's Stephen. I think they're gonna like each other, you watch. 423 00:40:35,320 --> 00:40:37,940 Another lunch of advanced theoretical physics. 424 00:40:38,040 --> 00:40:40,200 - Hello. - Hello. 425 00:40:42,040 --> 00:40:47,560 Tomatoes. Could you? Thin slices. 426 00:40:54,880 --> 00:40:58,820 - Hello. Roger Penrose. - Yes, I know. 427 00:40:58,920 --> 00:41:00,320 Have you two met? 428 00:41:01,880 --> 00:41:06,080 Prosciutto. Help yourselves. 429 00:41:06,440 --> 00:41:13,860 Mozart could go to sleep and wake up with whole symphonies in his head and no idea how they got there. 430 00:41:13,960 --> 00:41:16,460 A whole symphony in his head, complete. How can that be? 431 00:41:16,560 --> 00:41:20,780 Music is temporal. How can you pack a whole symphony into just one moment? 432 00:41:20,880 --> 00:41:25,360 Well maybe it's because music is a way of thinking that is way beyond language. 433 00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:28,980 Maybe that's what genius is. Thinking without time. 434 00:41:29,080 --> 00:41:31,020 All roads lead to physics. 435 00:41:31,120 --> 00:41:35,540 I think thought, mathematical thought, can exist completely without words. 436 00:41:35,640 --> 00:41:40,460 I don't think thinking is verbal. In fact, I think words come in the way. 437 00:41:40,560 --> 00:41:41,880 I think you can do it without words. 438 00:41:55,320 --> 00:41:58,460 Poets have always been obsessed with time. 439 00:41:58,560 --> 00:42:03,460 - Shrinking it, controlling it, stopping it. - T. S. Eliot? 440 00:42:03,560 --> 00:42:07,020 "Time present and time past are both perhaps present in time future, 441 00:42:07,120 --> 00:42:10,140 and time future contained in time past." 442 00:42:10,240 --> 00:42:13,060 Rupert Brooke: "Stands the church clock still at ten to three?" 443 00:42:13,160 --> 00:42:17,140 Blake: "To see a world in grain of sand and a heaven in a wild flower, 444 00:42:17,240 --> 00:42:21,440 hold infinity in the palm of your hand, and eternity in an hour." 445 00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:24,600 - L. I. Merick. - Who? 446 00:42:26,240 --> 00:42:30,060 "There was a young lady named Bright, whose speed was faster than light. 447 00:42:30,160 --> 00:42:34,040 She set out one day in a relative way and returned on the previous night." 448 00:42:41,840 --> 00:42:43,980 - It's unstable. - Sorry? 449 00:42:44,080 --> 00:42:46,500 - Go on. - It's unstable. 450 00:42:46,600 --> 00:42:52,840 You need a negative energy field in order to create the new matter, which makes it unstable. 451 00:42:52,880 --> 00:42:56,200 - Hoyle's steady state? - It's problem, isn't it? 452 00:42:56,760 --> 00:42:57,520 Isn't it? 453 00:43:23,040 --> 00:43:27,460 - You like Hawking very much, don't you? - Hm. 454 00:43:27,560 --> 00:43:29,620 - Will he have the time? - What? 455 00:43:29,720 --> 00:43:32,720 Does he have enough time left to get what he's after? 456 00:43:34,680 --> 00:43:36,080 I hope so. 457 00:43:58,400 --> 00:44:02,200 A time-symmetric new theory of gravity. It's brilliant. Hoyle at his best. 458 00:44:03,920 --> 00:44:07,180 - Did you start as his PhD student? - Are you after my job? 459 00:44:07,280 --> 00:44:08,400 - Did you? - Are you? 460 00:44:09,240 --> 00:44:12,200 - No. - Yes. He's a great scientist. 461 00:44:13,440 --> 00:44:17,660 His work on the production of uranium inside stars is - what's the word... 462 00:44:17,760 --> 00:44:20,200 Beautiful. And so is this. 463 00:44:21,120 --> 00:44:24,860 I do the checking. It should be refereed by a committee but Hoyle doesn't have time. 464 00:44:24,960 --> 00:44:26,200 Can I see it? 465 00:44:45,720 --> 00:44:49,340 - I have to go. - Just give me a few more minutes. 466 00:44:49,440 --> 00:44:52,640 - I have to go now. - Leave it with me. 467 00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:56,560 - OK, but don't - - What? Eat it? 468 00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:04,080 Just leave it on my desk. 469 00:47:41,440 --> 00:47:42,720 Up early? 470 00:47:44,200 --> 00:47:47,000 - Are you alright? - Yes, fine. 471 00:47:47,800 --> 00:47:49,800 You look like you've had a wild night. 472 00:47:51,560 --> 00:47:52,720 Something like that. 473 00:47:53,840 --> 00:47:55,800 So the Royal Society this afternoon? 474 00:47:57,800 --> 00:47:59,800 - You're giving the paper today? - Yes. 475 00:48:00,960 --> 00:48:03,400 You remember Stephen Hawking? 476 00:49:20,320 --> 00:49:26,140 The new theory we have formulated differs in its global implications from the usual theory in that, 477 00:49:26,240 --> 00:49:33,540 whereas in the usual theory the negative sign at the constant of proportionality which appers in the field equations, 478 00:49:33,640 --> 00:49:35,680 is chosen arbitrarily. 479 00:49:36,920 --> 00:49:39,900 In the new theory, there's no such ambiguity. 480 00:49:40,000 --> 00:49:49,380 The sign must be minus, and further the magnitude of g follows on from a determination of the mean density of matter, 481 00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:54,560 thereby enabling the cosmologist to know how hard he'll hit the ground if he falls off a cliff. 482 00:49:58,240 --> 00:49:59,400 Any questions? 483 00:50:12,080 --> 00:50:13,800 You want to say something young man? 484 00:50:17,600 --> 00:50:19,720 Your calculation is wrong. 485 00:50:21,440 --> 00:50:23,600 The advanced field diverges. 486 00:50:24,120 --> 00:50:30,400 - The advanced field does not diverge. - I'm afraid it does. It's all wrong. 487 00:50:32,720 --> 00:50:35,600 Would you like to tell us how you know this, young man? 488 00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:38,600 I worked it out. 489 00:50:44,480 --> 00:50:48,980 - You worked it out during the lecture? - No, I had a privileged early glimpse at the paper. 490 00:50:49,080 --> 00:50:51,140 - Who put you up to that? - What? 491 00:50:51,240 --> 00:50:54,240 That stunt in there. Who put you up to it, eh? 492 00:50:54,280 --> 00:50:58,840 - Somebody's put you up to sabotaging me. - It's just wrong, that's all. I had to say it, didn't I? 493 00:51:00,400 --> 00:51:01,680 The physics is wrong. 494 00:51:04,000 --> 00:51:06,480 Why did you show him the paper? 495 00:51:07,840 --> 00:51:10,360 I hate them being shown to any bugger. 496 00:51:21,280 --> 00:51:26,980 - Science isn't theatre. - It needed to be said. 497 00:51:27,080 --> 00:51:28,200 In that way? 498 00:51:30,760 --> 00:51:32,720 How long has it been, since you've started with me? 499 00:51:34,520 --> 00:51:38,540 - You don't like the idea of me attacking steady state theory... - You didn't answer my question. 500 00:51:38,640 --> 00:51:43,960 - ...because you're a steady state man yourself. - OK, I'll answer it for you. Twelve months. 501 00:51:44,360 --> 00:51:49,340 - So the idea of me attacking the steady state theory... -My father ran a cotton mill. 502 00:51:49,440 --> 00:51:54,220 When I was twenty-one, I told him I wanted to be a physicist. He hated the idea. 503 00:51:54,320 --> 00:51:57,140 He wanted me to take over the business from him. 504 00:51:57,240 --> 00:52:01,700 So he told me that I couldn't be a physicist, unless I got a fellowship to pay for it. 505 00:52:01,800 --> 00:52:06,100 He thought I wouldn't get it. He thought I would buckle. 506 00:52:06,200 --> 00:52:09,340 - And I worked like a dog... - What does this have to do with me attacking steady state... 507 00:52:09,440 --> 00:52:11,820 I know what it is like to have obstacles in your path. 508 00:52:11,920 --> 00:52:16,960 I know what it's like to be told you can't do something. That's why I became a teacher. 509 00:52:17,760 --> 00:52:24,280 I would never, ever stop a student of mine from pursuing something because I didn't agree with their opinion. Never. 510 00:52:25,440 --> 00:52:28,360 I know you can do more than make brilliant attacks on others. 511 00:52:30,240 --> 00:52:33,280 Do something! All of your own. 512 00:52:34,240 --> 00:52:35,680 Be original. 513 00:52:39,200 --> 00:52:39,680 Look out! 514 00:53:12,920 --> 00:53:14,200 Maybe it's New York! 515 00:53:14,920 --> 00:53:18,620 - Maybe the hiss is New York we said. - New York? How? 516 00:53:18,720 --> 00:53:25,700 We figured, that if any city in the world can give you three degress of hot radio noise, it must be the Big Apple. 517 00:53:25,800 --> 00:53:27,940 My family alone could probably make this much hiss. 518 00:53:28,040 --> 00:53:31,060 - We were struggling to think what else it could be. - You were guessing? 519 00:53:31,160 --> 00:53:36,780 How could we claim to be making very sensitive radio astronomy measurements, with all that manmade stuff around. 520 00:53:36,880 --> 00:53:42,940 We pointed the antenna at New York City, all that energy spread out across the northern horizon; 521 00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:50,980 arcing from subway rails, hum from power lines, the radar amplifier at Kennedy Airport spewing out radio noise by the kilowatt. 522 00:53:51,080 --> 00:53:59,320 And I'm thinking, just maybe, just maybe, this town, this town of all towns might crank up three degrees of hiss. 523 00:53:59,800 --> 00:54:04,180 You said you were from Germany. When did you leave Germany? 524 00:54:04,280 --> 00:54:06,680 Maybe we should stop filming? 525 00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:09,680 I came to America when I was six years old. 526 00:54:11,200 --> 00:54:14,640 We lived in a two room apartment in the garment district. 527 00:54:14,680 --> 00:54:17,960 Me, my brother and my parents and the cockroaches in the kitchen. 528 00:54:19,400 --> 00:54:20,280 We were poor. 529 00:54:21,720 --> 00:54:28,500 That's why I became a physicist. Not to get rich, not to win the Nobel, to stop being poor. 530 00:54:28,600 --> 00:54:33,580 New York wasn't it. We pointed the 20 foot horn at the city and it gave us a reasonable amount but - 531 00:54:33,680 --> 00:54:35,400 - Not enough heat. - Not enough. 532 00:54:36,120 --> 00:54:39,940 To win the Nobel Prize, you have to find something. Am I right? 533 00:54:40,040 --> 00:54:42,820 It's not about thinking, or theory... 534 00:54:42,920 --> 00:54:47,040 - It's about discovery. - But do you have to be looking for the thing that you find? 535 00:54:47,880 --> 00:54:50,220 Science can be slow work. 536 00:54:50,320 --> 00:55:00,420 It's hardly ever about Eureka moments in the bath. You need precision, tenacity, dedication. 537 00:55:00,520 --> 00:55:02,200 German talents. 538 00:55:08,240 --> 00:55:09,600 Your visitor, Mr. Hawking. 539 00:55:15,920 --> 00:55:19,980 He wouldn't let me out of sight, not once. Scared that I might run amok, I think. 540 00:55:20,080 --> 00:55:21,600 Rules, rules, rules. 541 00:55:23,160 --> 00:55:26,080 Penrose lecture at London. Otherwise engaged? 542 00:55:30,600 --> 00:55:31,920 Stephen? You alright? 543 00:55:33,040 --> 00:55:36,200 - Fine. Fine. - Oh, your two favourite words. 544 00:55:37,800 --> 00:55:41,520 - Is it alright for me to come? - Fine. 545 00:55:46,920 --> 00:55:48,400 No it's not your turn. 546 00:55:51,360 --> 00:55:52,420 What are you doing? 547 00:55:52,520 --> 00:55:55,080 It's in the rules, I've croqueted you so I go again. 548 00:56:22,720 --> 00:56:25,680 - Can you keep doing that? - Of course I can! 549 00:56:29,560 --> 00:56:32,640 It's what you're supposed to do, get your opponent's ball as far away from yours as possible and then... 550 00:56:34,120 --> 00:56:36,720 What? What, it's what you do in croquet! 551 00:56:44,800 --> 00:56:48,400 Go on. The Penrose lecture at London, it's alright. 552 00:56:50,000 --> 00:56:53,160 Go, now! Work! 553 00:57:31,840 --> 00:57:36,000 You all have big biceps. You're right armed. 554 00:57:37,600 --> 00:57:43,360 Because you spend half of your lives scrawling tonnes of chalk dust, across miles of blackboard. 555 00:57:43,800 --> 00:57:44,840 I... 556 00:57:52,080 --> 00:57:53,040 ...don't do that. 557 00:57:54,280 --> 00:57:58,460 I have something magic and wonderful to tell you about. 558 00:57:58,560 --> 00:58:03,100 It's fast, it's rigorous, and you don't need big muscles. 559 00:58:03,200 --> 00:58:04,360 It's called topology. 560 00:58:05,280 --> 00:58:07,480 Pictures, not equations. 561 00:58:13,760 --> 00:58:18,700 And nothing moves faster than light. 186 000 miles a second, light is the fastest. 562 00:58:18,800 --> 00:58:23,240 Easily fast enought to overcome the gravity pull of, say, the Sun, 563 00:58:24,960 --> 00:58:26,920 or the Earth, and escape. 564 00:58:28,400 --> 00:58:33,120 The speed is high enough to get away from the gravity pulling it back. 565 00:58:38,280 --> 00:58:42,520 What if the Sun were more concentrated? 566 00:58:43,880 --> 00:58:46,720 What if the Sun were collapsing? 567 00:58:47,840 --> 00:58:52,220 The density becomes huge, the gravity pull enormous. 568 00:58:52,320 --> 00:58:55,800 Now nothing can stop gravity pulling everything in. 569 00:58:56,560 --> 00:58:57,400 Even light. 570 00:58:58,840 --> 00:59:00,480 A singularity forms. 571 00:59:01,280 --> 00:59:04,000 What is a singularity? A singularity is a place, 572 00:59:04,040 --> 00:59:08,800 where matter, light, space, 573 00:59:11,200 --> 00:59:12,200 - time - 574 00:59:13,280 --> 00:59:20,280 - everything, fold in on themselves and disappear. 575 00:59:21,760 --> 00:59:25,200 It's profound and total nothingness. 576 00:59:25,800 --> 00:59:27,200 Everything in nothing. 577 00:59:28,320 --> 00:59:32,340 Up until now all of you people, with your big biceps and your big equations 578 00:59:32,440 --> 00:59:37,600 have always said: "Oh my big equation is ending in a singularity, I must be wrong!" 579 00:59:38,160 --> 00:59:39,460 It's what frightened Einstein. 580 00:59:39,560 --> 00:59:43,440 Singularities can't exist because the laws of science don't allow for them. 581 00:59:43,840 --> 00:59:50,820 - Wrong. Singularities do exist. - For perfect spheres, for idealised stars. 582 00:59:50,920 --> 00:59:52,720 No. For real stars. 583 00:59:53,560 --> 00:59:57,200 Real stars do it too; singularities are out there. 584 00:59:57,840 --> 01:00:01,860 There are places were science and rules break down, 585 01:00:01,960 --> 01:00:04,960 where there is no matter, no space, nothing. 586 01:00:05,720 --> 01:00:10,240 Where everything, including time, does not exist. 587 01:00:13,040 --> 01:00:17,880 And when a star collapses, a singularity is inevitable. 588 01:00:35,120 --> 01:00:39,660 Topology doesn't bother with the messy stuff, abot particles, and how they move, 589 01:00:39,760 --> 01:00:40,800 it's about how things connect. 590 01:00:41,240 --> 01:00:43,160 - Big thinking. - Big bold thinking. 591 01:00:43,560 --> 01:00:46,080 It takes you into places where the rules say you can't go. 592 01:00:46,720 --> 01:00:49,120 And it's fast. You say that it's fast. 593 01:00:52,480 --> 01:00:54,300 I've tried to be truthful with you. 594 01:00:54,400 --> 01:00:56,400 I'm not going to stop now. 595 01:00:58,160 --> 01:01:02,360 There's nothing more we can do. There's no treatment, Stephen. 596 01:01:06,320 --> 01:01:07,120 I'm sorry. 597 01:01:11,480 --> 01:01:12,720 They've washed their hands of him. 598 01:01:13,600 --> 01:01:18,060 - We've got to carry on, Frank. - Carry on? Carry on?! 599 01:01:18,160 --> 01:01:20,360 We have to do a lot more than carry on. 600 01:01:21,440 --> 01:01:25,880 Vitamin B, hydroxycobalamin, steroids. 601 01:01:26,640 --> 01:01:29,900 I haven't washed my hands of you, they're wrong. 602 01:01:30,000 --> 01:01:32,280 You understand? They're wrong, the lot of them. 603 01:02:31,480 --> 01:02:33,040 You don't ever talk about his illness. 604 01:02:33,080 --> 01:02:37,320 He doesn't speak about it. We respect that, it's simple, really. 605 01:02:38,600 --> 01:02:43,240 And what do you think of me? I mean, what do you think I should do? 606 01:02:44,240 --> 01:02:46,600 Sorry, no that's not fair, don't answer George. 607 01:02:48,760 --> 01:02:52,320 You probably think I should take myself of back to St. Albans and look for a nice husband. 608 01:02:57,080 --> 01:02:59,640 I think it's terrific you don't talk about his illness. 609 01:03:21,280 --> 01:03:25,640 The blue lights are picking up the fluorescence you get in washing powder, 610 01:03:25,680 --> 01:03:28,200 that is why their shirts are illuminated. 611 01:03:29,400 --> 01:03:33,020 - They're very strange! - The dresses are new. 612 01:03:33,120 --> 01:03:35,800 They haven't been washed, so they're not fluorescent. 613 01:03:38,800 --> 01:03:41,480 There you are, you see? Great scientist. 614 01:03:42,400 --> 01:03:46,700 I can tell you all about how washing powders react under blue light. 615 01:03:46,800 --> 01:03:50,260 One of the great questions of our time. Whether Tide or Daz is under blue lights! 616 01:03:50,360 --> 01:03:51,360 Do you want to dance?! 617 01:04:02,720 --> 01:04:04,440 I don't know what you should do. 618 01:04:06,240 --> 01:04:07,640 I know what you want. 619 01:04:09,000 --> 01:04:12,400 - House, garden, children, work. - A life together. 620 01:04:14,200 --> 01:04:15,400 The impossible. 621 01:04:48,720 --> 01:04:52,560 I've been thinking about Galileo and what you said about him frightening people. 622 01:04:54,080 --> 01:04:57,880 Imagine what if must have felt like to be told that the Sun didn't go round the Earth. 623 01:04:58,680 --> 01:05:00,960 Horrible! Or that the Earth isn't flat. 624 01:05:01,000 --> 01:05:02,620 It is, isn't it? 625 01:05:02,720 --> 01:05:06,320 Flat, Jane? Don't tell me it isn't flat. 626 01:05:07,280 --> 01:05:13,700 Oh no, oh no! If you look me in the eye now and tell me it isn't flat, I don't know what I do. 627 01:05:13,800 --> 01:05:19,800 I'd be - inconsolable, totally desolate. 628 01:05:22,200 --> 01:05:23,000 Stephen! 629 01:05:32,480 --> 01:05:36,160 Did you have any idea what it might be? Did you think you knew? 630 01:05:37,800 --> 01:05:41,320 Or was it just guessing? Is that what you're trying to say? 631 01:05:42,600 --> 01:05:46,500 A Nobel Prize for guess work? Is that the story you're after? 632 01:05:46,600 --> 01:05:48,620 Let me tell you something. Are we still filming? 633 01:05:48,720 --> 01:05:49,920 Good. 634 01:05:50,880 --> 01:05:56,380 In 1939, my mother and father put me on a train filled with Jewish children heading to England. 635 01:05:56,480 --> 01:05:57,640 Kinder transport. 636 01:05:58,600 --> 01:05:59,540 Are you ok? 637 01:05:59,640 --> 01:06:05,040 The Nazis were letting some children go. Not the adults, just some children. 638 01:06:07,360 --> 01:06:14,220 At the station my mother looked in to my face and said to me to look out for my little brother, 639 01:06:14,320 --> 01:06:17,920 not to let our suitcase out of my sight and don't lose your name tag. 640 01:06:17,960 --> 01:06:19,420 Arno Penzias, here. 641 01:06:19,520 --> 01:06:22,800 You lose your name tag, you lose your name and you lose everything. 642 01:06:23,920 --> 01:06:26,000 - And she went. - How old were you? 643 01:06:27,080 --> 01:06:29,880 - I was six. - Did you see her again? 644 01:06:29,920 --> 01:06:31,720 I was six, my little brother was five. 645 01:06:35,320 --> 01:06:36,600 She didn't cry. 646 01:06:38,440 --> 01:06:43,240 She made like it was a normal thing, and not crying was part of that. 647 01:06:44,480 --> 01:06:47,020 Can you imagine how hard it must have been not to cry? 648 01:06:47,120 --> 01:06:50,160 To put your boys on a train like that and not to cry? 649 01:06:52,160 --> 01:06:53,800 I've hated suitcases ever since. 650 01:06:54,800 --> 01:06:56,000 He likes to unpack. 651 01:06:59,040 --> 01:07:00,840 My mother and my father got out. 652 01:07:01,560 --> 01:07:04,360 Six months later we sailed for America together. 653 01:07:05,920 --> 01:07:12,100 England saved my life. America gave me a brand new one. 654 01:07:12,200 --> 01:07:15,960 But I never, I never dreamed of this happening. 655 01:07:24,640 --> 01:07:26,040 We discovered this. 656 01:07:26,720 --> 01:07:29,280 We found this, we discovered this. 657 01:07:32,960 --> 01:07:34,000 What is it? 658 01:07:46,360 --> 01:07:47,400 This clock. 659 01:07:49,080 --> 01:07:52,320 It was fine whe I got it. Then I went to America and it started to run backwards. 660 01:07:53,600 --> 01:07:56,200 Stops my student getting too complacent about the nature of time. 661 01:07:58,840 --> 01:08:02,360 - I don't know why I came here, I was just... - The music. 662 01:08:12,680 --> 01:08:16,460 - Bach didn't finish it. - He died before he finished it. 663 01:08:16,560 --> 01:08:18,280 But it's so perfect. 664 01:08:19,000 --> 01:08:22,080 Everything he's done before is so perfect. 665 01:08:23,640 --> 01:08:24,800 It doesn't end. 666 01:08:26,240 --> 01:08:28,000 You can hear it after it stops. 667 01:08:29,200 --> 01:08:30,200 Listen. 668 01:08:41,120 --> 01:08:42,240 Can you hear it? 669 01:08:45,600 --> 01:08:47,000 Can you hear it? 670 01:09:27,600 --> 01:09:28,960 I'll see you in Cambridge. 671 01:09:41,480 --> 01:09:45,520 - I thought that was us. - So did I. 672 01:09:46,440 --> 01:09:49,720 - But it wasn't. - No, it was them. 673 01:09:52,560 --> 01:09:53,480 Backwards now. 674 01:09:54,840 --> 01:09:56,640 We are having a time of it! 675 01:09:58,160 --> 01:10:01,040 It's this platform, platform one. 676 01:10:02,080 --> 01:10:05,320 It's never straightforward, you know. You don't know what's going to happen next. 677 01:10:06,400 --> 01:10:08,740 Sometimes I tell my husband about it, but he doesn't listen. 678 01:10:08,840 --> 01:10:10,780 He just says, it's platform one! 679 01:10:10,880 --> 01:10:15,100 It's a Cambridge platform, of course strange things are going to happen. 680 01:10:15,200 --> 01:10:16,800 It's the platform for Cambridge. 681 01:10:18,560 --> 01:10:20,500 Nobody else knows it's there apart from... 682 01:10:20,600 --> 01:10:23,040 - Cambridge types. - Backwards. Backwards! 683 01:10:23,600 --> 01:10:26,100 -Yes dear. - You reverse time, of course! 684 01:10:26,200 --> 01:10:29,600 - You reverse the direction of time. - Yes. 685 01:10:30,880 --> 01:10:35,760 - Are you a Cambridge type? - Yes. And I love you deeply and forever. 686 01:10:42,400 --> 01:10:43,280 Roger! 687 01:10:55,680 --> 01:10:57,040 Roger Penrose! 688 01:10:59,000 --> 01:11:00,120 Stop! 689 01:11:06,320 --> 01:11:07,900 - You all right? - What would it all look like? 690 01:11:08,000 --> 01:11:11,460 - What? - What if Einstein was right ?! 691 01:11:11,560 --> 01:11:14,200 - About what? - Pencil! And some paper! 692 01:11:17,600 --> 01:11:18,720 Chalk. 693 01:11:20,200 --> 01:11:25,240 - Time-space diagram. What comes first? - Space. Time? 694 01:11:26,920 --> 01:11:30,580 You have to think about reversing the direction of time. 695 01:11:30,680 --> 01:11:32,120 Time going the other way. 696 01:11:32,600 --> 01:11:34,660 - What? What for? - Go on, don't stop! Go on! 697 01:11:34,760 --> 01:11:38,760 - Now, the present us. - Here we are, looking back through time. 698 01:11:39,920 --> 01:11:46,220 - Light, dense matter, in space. - Warping space-time? 699 01:11:46,320 --> 01:11:50,040 Causing the light rays, bending the light rays towards the centre. 700 01:11:50,920 --> 01:11:53,680 Look, the past is pear shaped. 701 01:11:54,360 --> 01:11:55,360 What are you saying? 702 01:11:55,920 --> 01:12:00,620 What if the whole of the universe were trapped in a region whose boundaries reached to zero. 703 01:12:00,720 --> 01:12:02,200 A singularity, nothingness? 704 01:12:03,280 --> 01:12:09,740 Your theory works for collapsing dying stars. It proves that a singularity must exist. 705 01:12:09,840 --> 01:12:13,220 What if it works for this? Could it work Roger? What would it mean if it did? 706 01:12:13,320 --> 01:12:14,900 - A collapse in reverse. - Which is? 707 01:12:15,000 --> 01:12:15,880 An explosion! 708 01:12:17,520 --> 01:12:18,720 Bang! 709 01:12:50,520 --> 01:12:53,520 - Trinity Hall. - Sorry what? 710 01:12:56,080 --> 01:12:58,680 - Trinity Hall! - What are you saying? 711 01:13:09,480 --> 01:13:11,200 Write it down. 712 01:13:12,640 --> 01:13:14,080 Why don't you write it down? 713 01:13:22,320 --> 01:13:24,900 - Trinity Hall! - I'm sorry mate. 714 01:13:25,000 --> 01:13:30,920 - Trinity Hall. - Oh, right! What's the matter with him? 715 01:13:38,960 --> 01:13:42,820 - Have you heard of Bishop Usher? - Seventeenth century. 716 01:13:42,920 --> 01:13:45,600 He calculated the date of the start of the universe. 717 01:13:45,800 --> 01:13:49,600 - How? - By adding up all the ages of people in the Old Testament. 718 01:13:51,080 --> 01:13:58,640 - And how old is the universe? - It started at some point at the night of 22nd October 4004 BC. 719 01:14:00,360 --> 01:14:02,520 - So old! - So old. 720 01:14:15,000 --> 01:14:17,020 There's something I want to ask you. 721 01:14:17,120 --> 01:14:19,200 Where was I going when I saw you at the station? 722 01:14:19,920 --> 01:14:21,000 No... 723 01:14:23,640 --> 01:14:24,400 Stephen? 724 01:14:25,760 --> 01:14:27,120 - Are you all right? - Fine. 725 01:14:29,720 --> 01:14:31,160 The thing is... 726 01:14:32,920 --> 01:14:34,240 I was wondering... 727 01:14:36,360 --> 01:14:38,120 ...whether you consider marrying me. 728 01:14:42,320 --> 01:14:45,300 - You probably want time to think about it. - I love you. 729 01:14:45,400 --> 01:14:47,400 Does that mean you're about to say no? 730 01:14:49,640 --> 01:14:51,200 Time. 731 01:14:51,800 --> 01:14:53,400 Time to think. 732 01:16:19,600 --> 01:16:21,760 - Stephen. - Not now, John. 733 01:18:15,120 --> 01:18:17,800 Think about time going in the opposite direction. 734 01:18:18,400 --> 01:18:19,400 What? 735 01:18:21,360 --> 01:18:23,120 Singularities. 736 01:18:24,160 --> 01:18:27,660 A collapse, everything into nothing, yes? 737 01:18:27,760 --> 01:18:32,040 So reverse the time, so the collapse is an explosion. 738 01:18:33,680 --> 01:18:37,100 - Nothing into everything. - You're talking stars. 739 01:18:37,200 --> 01:18:39,440 No, no, I'm not talking about stars. 740 01:18:40,920 --> 01:18:44,120 I'm talking about the beginning of the universe. 741 01:18:46,960 --> 01:18:48,600 That Roger Penrose. 742 01:18:49,560 --> 01:18:51,640 Clever of me to find him. 743 01:18:53,280 --> 01:18:56,100 - I told you you could help him. - He helped himself I think. 744 01:18:56,200 --> 01:18:58,620 - That's your other talent. - What? 745 01:18:58,720 --> 01:19:00,600 Preposterous modesty. 746 01:19:42,160 --> 01:19:44,880 There you are. Where have you been? 747 01:19:44,920 --> 01:19:46,740 Dennis Sciama wants to see you. 748 01:19:46,840 --> 01:19:48,480 He semed very serious. 749 01:20:08,320 --> 01:20:10,000 The first three chapters... 750 01:20:11,040 --> 01:20:12,480 ...nothing special. 751 01:20:13,600 --> 01:20:15,120 The fourth... 752 01:20:17,280 --> 01:20:18,400 Mozart. 753 01:20:28,920 --> 01:20:30,640 Oh! Hello. 754 01:20:32,360 --> 01:20:36,240 - Jane, women waren't allowed. - No, not allowed. Against the rules! 755 01:20:37,360 --> 01:20:40,260 I...I'll go. 756 01:20:40,360 --> 01:20:42,000 Hello. 757 01:20:43,240 --> 01:20:44,000 Goodbye. 758 01:20:45,480 --> 01:20:46,480 I, er... 759 01:20:47,480 --> 01:20:50,200 I have to go and see the bursar at Caius. 760 01:20:52,160 --> 01:20:54,320 They've given me a fellowship. 761 01:20:56,720 --> 01:20:58,200 Are you coming? 762 01:21:13,600 --> 01:21:17,460 It's the same rule for everyone at Caius. No special treatment when it comes to housing. 763 01:21:17,560 --> 01:21:21,160 - I'm not like all the rest. - That's what they all say. 764 01:21:21,400 --> 01:21:24,640 You listen to me. And listen very carefully. 765 01:21:25,240 --> 01:21:27,140 This man cannot walk upstairs. 766 01:21:27,240 --> 01:21:29,700 His illness won't allow it and his illness will get worse. 767 01:21:29,800 --> 01:21:33,500 He needs housing with easy access and you are going to find it for him, 768 01:21:33,600 --> 01:21:36,820 because if you don't all the newspapers will hear about how the bursar of this college 769 01:21:36,920 --> 01:21:43,700 treats a man of huge courage, a brilliant mind and a capacity to imagine faith like... 770 01:21:43,800 --> 01:21:46,580 like a piece of nothing. Do you understand me? 771 01:21:46,680 --> 01:21:48,400 And he's going to be my husband. 772 01:21:57,480 --> 01:22:01,540 What he's done is to make Einstein work. 773 01:22:01,640 --> 01:22:03,680 He's made Einstein... 774 01:22:05,160 --> 01:22:09,900 There's a word that physicists like to use very occasionally. 775 01:22:10,000 --> 01:22:11,400 "Beautiful." 776 01:22:12,960 --> 01:22:14,920 He's made Einstein beautiful. 777 01:22:15,360 --> 01:22:16,720 Yes but what... 778 01:22:17,440 --> 01:22:18,800 What has he done? 779 01:22:19,840 --> 01:22:25,920 Your son has opened up something which I thought, we all thought, was closed. 780 01:22:27,600 --> 01:22:32,160 Einstein appeared to be predicting it and then he turned away. 781 01:22:33,280 --> 01:22:34,800 There could have been a beginning. 782 01:22:36,560 --> 01:22:38,200 The universe... 783 01:22:40,160 --> 01:22:42,480 ... may not always have been here. 784 01:22:44,920 --> 01:22:49,300 If you are right, which you are not, there should be some left over radiation from the Big Bang 785 01:22:49,400 --> 01:22:51,140 and somebody should have heard it. 786 01:22:51,240 --> 01:22:53,480 But they haven't, have they? 787 01:22:54,120 --> 01:22:55,980 I wonder why that could be? 788 01:22:56,080 --> 01:22:57,600 Could it be because it isn't there? 789 01:22:59,680 --> 01:23:01,700 Where's the fossil, Hawking? 790 01:23:01,800 --> 01:23:03,120 Where's the fossil? 791 01:23:19,440 --> 01:23:20,800 We have to go. 792 01:23:22,520 --> 01:23:25,800 It connects, do you understand? 793 01:23:27,120 --> 01:23:29,300 It goes right through Dachau. 794 01:23:29,400 --> 01:23:31,000 Right through childhood. 795 01:23:31,400 --> 01:23:36,220 Right through cockroaches and suitcases and right through America and the American dream, 796 01:23:36,320 --> 01:23:38,000 which I have lived. 797 01:23:40,320 --> 01:23:41,640 Do you understand me? 798 01:23:43,880 --> 01:23:46,460 This noise... 799 01:23:46,560 --> 01:23:49,200 ...this goddamn beautiful hiss... 800 01:23:50,960 --> 01:23:52,520 ...it connects. 801 01:23:55,480 --> 01:23:58,120 It's the sound of the beginning of time. 802 01:23:59,920 --> 01:24:02,640 The leftover heat from the Big Bang. 803 01:24:03,520 --> 01:24:06,960 The three degrees that hasn't cooled yet. 804 01:24:11,920 --> 01:24:13,500 It's everywhere. 805 01:24:13,600 --> 01:24:17,020 - It's all around us. - It's fifteen billion years old. 806 01:24:17,120 --> 01:24:20,960 - And we found it. - That's our discovery. 807 01:24:26,400 --> 01:24:28,680 We have to go get the prize, Arno. 808 01:24:46,080 --> 01:24:51,440 - What was there before the Big Bang? - Whatever it was, it wasn't time, or space, or matter. 809 01:24:52,280 --> 01:24:56,040 - There's room for God. - Yes, in theory. 810 01:24:57,680 --> 01:24:59,200 So what now? 811 01:24:59,960 --> 01:25:05,000 I'm going to eat crème brulee and a huge number of chocolate truffles. 812 01:25:05,040 --> 01:25:12,460 And fight very hard to get you to see how wonderful Wagner is, and how Brahms is not so wonderful. 813 01:25:12,560 --> 01:25:14,200 I meant with work. 814 01:25:15,040 --> 01:25:19,260 A theory of everything. I have been looking at the very big, 815 01:25:19,360 --> 01:25:27,300 and now I want to look into very small, and see how one may unify gravity and quantum mechanics. 816 01:25:27,400 --> 01:25:31,980 - And how long might this theory of everything take? - Twenty years, no more than that. 817 01:25:32,080 --> 01:25:35,240 - That fast? - That fast. 818 01:25:37,760 --> 01:25:39,360 I belive in the possible. 819 01:25:41,080 --> 01:25:47,020 I believe, small though we are, insignificant though we may be, 820 01:25:47,120 --> 01:25:50,560 we can reach a full understanding of the universe. 821 01:25:52,120 --> 01:25:57,180 You were right when you said you felt small looking up at all that out there. 822 01:25:57,280 --> 01:26:05,560 We are very, very small, but we are profoundly capable of very, very big things. 823 01:26:12,880 --> 01:26:14,360 Where are you going? 824 01:26:15,320 --> 01:26:17,360 Things to do. 825 01:26:34,800 --> 01:26:36,480 Can you hear me? 826 01:26:40,480 --> 01:26:42,160 Can you hear me? 827 01:26:46,440 --> 01:26:48,240 Can you hear me?